यम्

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

যম্ (Assamese script)
ᬬᬫ᭄ (Balinese script)
যম্ (Bengali script)
𑰧𑰦𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀬𑀫𑁆 (Brahmi script)
ယမ် (Burmese script)
યમ્ (Gujarati script)
ਯਮ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌯𑌮𑍍 (Grantha script)
ꦪꦩ꧀ (Javanese script)
𑂨𑂧𑂹 (Kaithi script)
ಯಮ್ (Kannada script)
យម៑ (Khmer script)
ຍມ຺ (Lao script)
യമ് (Malayalam script)
ᠶᠠᠮ (Manchu script)
𑘧𑘦𑘿 (Modi script)
ᠶ᠋ᠠᠮ (Mongolian script)
𑧇𑧆𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
𑐫𑐩𑑂 (Newa script)
ଯମ୍ (Odia script)
ꢫꢪ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
𑆪𑆩𑇀 (Sharada script)
𑖧𑖦𑖿 (Siddham script)
යම් (Sinhalese script)
𑩻𑩴 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
𑚣𑚢𑚶 (Takri script)
யம் (Tamil script)
యమ్ (Telugu script)
ยมฺ (Thai script)
ཡ་མ྄ (Tibetan script)
𑒨𑒧𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
𑨪𑨢𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *yam-, from Proto-Indo-European *yem- (“to hold”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /jɐm/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /jɐm/

Root

यम् • (yam)

to sustain, hold, hold up, support
to raise, wield (a weapon)
to raise, extend or hold (as a screen)
to extend one's self
to stretch out, expand, spread, display, show
to hold or keep in, hold back, restrain, check, curb, govern, subdue, control
to give anything in exchange for anything
to give up one’s self to, be faithful to, obey
to utter (a sound)
to fix, establish

Derived terms

Sanskrit terms belonging to the root यम् (0 c, 12 e)

Terms derived from the Sanskrit root यम् (7 c, 0 e)

Primary Verbal Forms

यच्छति (yácchati) (Present)
यमति (yamati) (Present)
यंस्यति (yaṃsyáti) (Future)
यमिष्यति (yamiṣyáti) (Future)
यन्ता (yantā́) (Periphrastic Future)
अयांसीत् (áyāṃsīt) (Aorist)
अयन् (áyan) (Aorist)
यम्यात् (yamyā́t) (Benedictive)
ययाम (yayā́ma) (Perfect)

Secondary Forms

यम्यते (yamyáte) (Passive)
अयामि (áyāmi) (Passive Aorist)
यामयति (yāmáyati) (Causative)
यमयति (yamayati) (Causative)
अयीयमत् (áyīyamat) (Causative Aorist)
यियंसति (yiyaṃsati) (Desiderative)
यंयमीति (yaṃyamīti) (Intensive)

Non-Finite Forms

यत (yatá) (Past Participle)
यन्तुम् (yántum) (Infinitive)
यन्तवे (yántave) (Infinitive)
यमितुम् (yamitum) (Infinitive)
यमितवै (yámitavái) (Infinitive)
यत्वा (yatvā́) (Gerund)
यमित्वा (yamitvā́) (Gerund)
यन्तव्य (yantavyà) (Gerundive)

Derived Nominal Forms

यम (yáma)
यत्य (yatya)
यम्य (yamya)
यमक (yamaka)
यमिन् (yamin)
यमन (yámana)
यति (yáti)
यन्तु (yántu)
यन्तुर् (yantúr)
यन्तृ (yantṛ)
यन्त्र (yantrá)
यमुना (yamúnā)
यमीयस् (yamīyas)
यमिष्ठ (yámiṣṭha)
यमसान (yamasāná)
याम (yā́ma)
यामक (yāmaka)
यामिन् (yāmin)
यामन (yāmana)
यंसेन्य (yaṃsénya)

Prefixed Root Forms

आयम् (āyam)
व्यायम् (vyāyam)
वियम् (viyam)
नियम् (niyam)
प्रयम् (prayam)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “यम्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 845, column 2.
William Dwight Whitney (1885) The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 130

Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 399-400
Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 610
Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 212

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /jɐ́m/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /jɐm/

Pronoun

यम् • (yám)

accusative singular masculine of यद् (yád)