विज्ञान
Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit विज्ञान (vijñāna).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /ʋɪɡ.jɑːn/, [ʋɪɡ.jä̃ːn]
Noun
विज्ञान • (vijñān) m (Urdu spelling وگیان)
- knowledge; understanding
- science, study of
- वनस्पतिविज्ञान (vanaspativijñān) – study of plants
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | विज्ञान vijñān |
विज्ञान vijñān |
| oblique | विज्ञान vijñān |
विज्ञानों vijñānõ |
| vocative | विज्ञान vijñān |
विज्ञानो vijñāno |
Derived terms
- अंतरिक्षविज्ञान (antrikṣavijñān)
- जीवविज्ञान (jīvvijñān)
- मनोविज्ञान (manovijñān)
- वनस्पतिविज्ञान (vanaspativijñān)
- विज्ञानी (vijñānī)
- वैज्ञानिक (vaijñānik)
- स्वरविज्ञान (svarvijñān)
See also
References
McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “विज्ञान”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Konkani
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit विज्ञान (vijñāna)
Noun
विज्ञान • (vidnyān) (Latin script vidian, Kannada script ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ)
Marathi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit विज्ञान (vijñāna).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʋid̪.njan/
Noun
विज्ञान • (vidnyān) n
Declension
| Declension of विज्ञान (neut cons-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
विज्ञान vidnyān | ||
| direct plural |
विज्ञाने, विज्ञानं vidnyāne, vidnyāna | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
विज्ञान vidnyān |
विज्ञाने, विज्ञानं vidnyāne, vidnyāna | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
विज्ञाना vidnyānā |
विज्ञानां- vidnyānān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
विज्ञानाला vidnyānālā |
विज्ञानांना vidnyānānnā | |
| ergative | विज्ञानाने, विज्ञानानं vidnyānāne, vidnyānāna |
विज्ञानांनी vidnyānānnī | |
| instrumental | विज्ञानाशी vidnyānāśī |
विज्ञानांशी vidnyānānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
विज्ञानात vidnyānāt |
विज्ञानांत vidnyānāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
विज्ञाना vidnyānā |
विज्ञानांनो vidnyānānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of विज्ञान (neut cons-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
विज्ञानाचा vidnyānāċā |
विज्ञानाचे vidnyānāċe |
विज्ञानाची vidnyānācī |
विज्ञानाच्या vidnyānācā |
विज्ञानाचे, विज्ञानाचं vidnyānāċe, vidnyānāċa |
विज्ञानाची vidnyānācī |
विज्ञानाच्या vidnyānācā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
विज्ञानांचा vidnyānānċā |
विज्ञानांचे vidnyānānċe |
विज्ञानांची vidnyānāñcī |
विज्ञानांच्या vidnyānāncā |
विज्ञानांचे, विज्ञानांचं vidnyānānċe, vidnyānānċa |
विज्ञानांची vidnyānāñcī |
विज्ञानांच्या vidnyānāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
Derived terms
- वैज्ञानिक (vaidnyānik, “scientist, scientific”)
See also
- ज्ञान (dnyān, “knowledge”)
References
- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “विज्ञान”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “विज्ञान”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
- Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “विज्ञान”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
Nepali
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [biɡ̞jän]
- Phonetic Devanagari: बिग्यान्
Noun
विज्ञान • (vigyān)
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ৱিজ্ঞান (Assamese script)
- ᬯᬶᬚ᭄ᬜᬵᬦ (Balinese script)
- বিজ্ঞান (Bengali script)
- 𑰪𑰰𑰕𑰿𑰗𑰯𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀯𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀜𑀸𑀦 (Brahmi script)
- ဝိဇ္ဉာန (Burmese script)
- વિજ્ઞાન (Gujarati script)
- ਵਿਜ੍ਞਾਨ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌵𑌿𑌜𑍍𑌞𑌾𑌨 (Grantha script)
- ꦮꦶꦘꦴꦤ (Javanese script)
- 𑂫𑂱𑂔𑂹𑂖𑂰𑂢 (Kaithi script)
- ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ (Kannada script)
- វិជ្ញាន (Khmer script)
- ວິຊ຺ຎານ (Lao script)
- വിജ്ഞാന (Malayalam script)
- ᠸᡳᡯᠨᡳᠶᠠ᠊ᠠᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘪𑘱𑘕𑘿𑘗𑘰𑘡 (Modi script)
- ᠸᠢᠽᡛᠠᢗᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧊𑧒𑦵𑧠𑦷𑧑𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐰𑐶𑐖𑑂𑐘𑐵𑐣 (Newa script)
- ଵିଜ୍ଞାନ (Odia script)
- ꢮꢶꢙ꣄ꢛꢵꢥ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆮𑆴𑆘𑇀𑆚𑆳𑆤 (Sharada script)
- 𑖪𑖰𑖕𑖿𑖗𑖯𑖡 (Siddham script)
- විඥාන (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩾𑩑𑩣 𑪙𑩥𑩛𑩯 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚦𑚮𑚑𑚶𑚓𑚭𑚝 (Takri script)
- விஜ்ஞாந (Tamil script)
- విజ్ఞాన (Telugu script)
- วิชฺญาน (Thai script)
- ཝི་ཛྙཱ་ན (Tibetan script)
- 𑒫𑒱𑒖𑓂𑒘𑒰𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨭𑨁𑨥𑩇𑨓𑨊𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Compound of वि- (vi-, “apart, separate”) + ज्ञान (jñā́na, “to know”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ʋid͡ʑ.ɲɑ́ː.nɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ʋid͡ʑ.ɲɑː.n̪ɐ/
Noun
विज्ञान • (vijñā́na) stem, n
- the act of discerning, understanding, comprehending
- c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) V.7.4:
- अयꣳ शास्ताधिपतिर् वो अस्तु।
अस्य विज्ञानम् अनु सꣳ रभध्वम् इमम् पश्चाद् अनु जीवाथ सर्वे॥- ayaṃ śāstādhipatir vo astu.
asya vijñānam anu saṃ rabhadhvam imam paścād anu jīvātha sarve. - May he be your ruler, your overlord;
On his discernment do ye depend; upon him henceforth do ye all serve.
- ayaṃ śāstādhipatir vo astu.
- अयꣳ शास्ताधिपतिर् वो अस्तु।
- intelligence, knowledge
- science
- skill; proficiency
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | विज्ञानम् (vijñā́nam) | विज्ञाने (vijñā́ne) | विज्ञानानि (vijñā́nāni) विज्ञाना¹ (vijñā́nā¹) |
| accusative | विज्ञानम् (vijñā́nam) | विज्ञाने (vijñā́ne) | विज्ञानानि (vijñā́nāni) विज्ञाना¹ (vijñā́nā¹) |
| instrumental | विज्ञानेन (vijñā́nena) | विज्ञानाभ्याम् (vijñā́nābhyām) | विज्ञानैः (vijñā́naiḥ) विज्ञानेभिः¹ (vijñā́nebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | विज्ञानाय (vijñā́nāya) | विज्ञानाभ्याम् (vijñā́nābhyām) | विज्ञानेभ्यः (vijñā́nebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | विज्ञानात् (vijñā́nāt) | विज्ञानाभ्याम् (vijñā́nābhyām) | विज्ञानेभ्यः (vijñā́nebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | विज्ञानस्य (vijñā́nasya) | विज्ञानयोः (vijñā́nayoḥ) | विज्ञानानाम् (vijñā́nānām) |
| locative | विज्ञाने (vijñā́ne) | विज्ञानयोः (vijñā́nayoḥ) | विज्ञानेषु (vijñā́neṣu) |
| vocative | विज्ञान (víjñāna) | विज्ञाने (víjñāne) | विज्ञानानि (víjñānāni) विज्ञाना¹ (víjñānā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Pali: viññāṇa
- → Tamil: விஞ்ஞானம் (viññāṉam)
- Prakrit: 𑀯𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸𑀡 (viṇṇāṇa)
- Old Bengali: বিণাণ (biṇāṇa)
- → Telugu: విన్నాణము (vinnāṇamu)
- → Assamese: বিজ্ঞান (biggan)
- → Bengali: বিজ্ঞান (biggên)
- → Bishnupriya Manipuri: বিজ্ঞান (bijñāna)
- → Gujarati: વિજ્ઞાન (vijñān)
- → Hindi: विज्ञान (vijñān)
- → Kannada: ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ (vijñāna)
- → Malayalam: വിജ്ഞാനം (vijñānaṁ)
- → Marathi: विज्ञान (vidnyān)
- → Nepali: विज्ञान (vigyān)
- → Newar: विज्ञान (wijñāna)
- → Punjabi: ਵਿਗਿਆਨ (vigiāna)
- → Telugu: విజ్ఞానము (vijñānamu)
- → Thai: วิญญาณ (win-yaan)
- → Urdu: وگیان (vigyān)
References
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “vijñā́na”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press