वृद्ध
Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit वृद्ध (vṛddhá). Doublet of बूढ़ा (būṛhā) and बुड्ढा (buḍḍhā).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /ʋɾɪd̪d̪ʱ/, [ʋɾɪd̪(ː)ʱ]
Adjective
वृद्ध • (vŕddh) (indeclinable)
Noun
वृद्ध • (vŕddh) m (feminine वृद्धा)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | वृद्ध vŕddh |
वृद्ध vŕddh |
| oblique | वृद्ध vŕddh |
वृद्धों vŕddhõ |
| vocative | वृद्ध vŕddh |
वृद्धो vŕddho |
References
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “वृद्ध”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ৱৃদ্ধ (Assamese script)
- ᬯᬺᬤ᭄ᬥ (Balinese script)
- বৃদ্ধ (Bengali script)
- 𑰪𑰴𑰟𑰿𑰠 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀯𑀾𑀤𑁆𑀥 (Brahmi script)
- ဝၖဒ္ဓ (Burmese script)
- વૃદ્ધ (Gujarati script)
- ਵ੍ਰਦ੍ਧ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌵𑍃𑌦𑍍𑌧 (Grantha script)
- ꦮꦽꦢ꧀ꦣ (Javanese script)
- 𑂫𑃂𑂠𑂹𑂡 (Kaithi script)
- ವೃದ್ಧ (Kannada script)
- វ្ឫទ្ធ (Khmer script)
- ວ຺ຣິທ຺ຘ (Lao script)
- വൃദ്ധ (Malayalam script)
- ᠸᡵᡳᡩᢡᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘪𑘵𑘟𑘿𑘠 (Modi script)
- ᠸᠷᠢᢑᢑᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧊𑧖𑦿𑧠𑧀 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐰𑐺𑐡𑑂𑐢 (Newa script)
- ଵୃଦ୍ଧ (Odia script)
- ꢮꢺꢣ꣄ꢤ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆮𑆸𑆢𑇀𑆣 (Sharada script)
- 𑖪𑖴𑖟𑖿𑖠 (Siddham script)
- වෘද්ධ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩾𑩙𑩭 𑪙𑩮 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚦𑚛𑚶𑚜 (Takri script)
- வ்ரித்³த⁴ (Tamil script)
- వృద్ధ (Telugu script)
- วฺฤทฺธ (Thai script)
- ཝྲྀ་དྡྷ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒫𑒵𑒠𑓂𑒡 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨭𑨼𑨉𑨛𑩇𑨜 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *werdʰ-
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥dᶻdʰás
Sanskrit वृद्ध (vṛddha)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥dᶻdʰás (“grown, mature, big”), from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥dʰ-tó-s, from *werdʰ- (“to grow”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬛𐬀 (vərəzda, “mature, big”). By surface analysis, वृध् (vṛdh, “to grow”, root) + -त (-tá).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ʋr̩d.dʱɐ́/, [ʋr̩d̚.dʱɐ́]
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ʋr̩d̪.d̪ʱɐ/, [ʋr̩d̪̚.d̪ʱɐ]
Adjective
वृद्ध • (vṛddhá) stem
- grown, become larger or stronger; increased, augmented, great, large
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.44.3:
- येन॑ वृ॒द्धो न शव॑सा तु॒रो न स्वाभि॑रू॒तिभिः॑ ।
सोम॑: सु॒तः स इ॑न्द्र॒ तेऽस्ति॑ स्वधापते॒ मद॑: ॥- yéna vṛddhó ná śávasā turó ná svā́bhirūtíbhiḥ.
sóma: sutáḥ sá indra téʼsti svadhāpate máda:. - Wherewith thou art increased in strength, and conquerest with thy proper aids,
That Soma is pressed: thy gladdening draught, O Indra! Lord of the libation!
- yéna vṛddhó ná śávasā turó ná svā́bhirūtíbhiḥ.
- येन॑ वृ॒द्धो न शव॑सा तु॒रो न स्वाभि॑रू॒तिभिः॑ ।
- grown up, fully grown, adult
- aged, old, senior
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | वृद्धः (vṛddháḥ) | वृद्धौ (vṛddhaú) वृद्धा¹ (vṛddhā́¹) |
वृद्धाः (vṛddhā́ḥ) वृद्धासः¹ (vṛddhā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | वृद्धम् (vṛddhám) | वृद्धौ (vṛddhaú) वृद्धा¹ (vṛddhā́¹) |
वृद्धान् (vṛddhā́n) |
| instrumental | वृद्धेन (vṛddhéna) | वृद्धाभ्याम् (vṛddhā́bhyām) | वृद्धैः (vṛddhaíḥ) वृद्धेभिः¹ (vṛddhébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | वृद्धाय (vṛddhā́ya) | वृद्धाभ्याम् (vṛddhā́bhyām) | वृद्धेभ्यः (vṛddhébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | वृद्धात् (vṛddhā́t) | वृद्धाभ्याम् (vṛddhā́bhyām) | वृद्धेभ्यः (vṛddhébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | वृद्धस्य (vṛddhásya) | वृद्धयोः (vṛddháyoḥ) | वृद्धानाम् (vṛddhā́nām) |
| locative | वृद्धे (vṛddhé) | वृद्धयोः (vṛddháyoḥ) | वृद्धेषु (vṛddhéṣu) |
| vocative | वृद्ध (vṛ́ddha) | वृद्धौ (vṛ́ddhau) वृद्धा¹ (vṛ́ddhā¹) |
वृद्धाः (vṛ́ddhāḥ) वृद्धासः¹ (vṛ́ddhāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | वृद्धा (vṛddhā́) | वृद्धे (vṛddhé) | वृद्धाः (vṛddhā́ḥ) |
| accusative | वृद्धाम् (vṛddhā́m) | वृद्धे (vṛddhé) | वृद्धाः (vṛddhā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | वृद्धया (vṛddháyā) वृद्धा¹ (vṛddhā́¹) |
वृद्धाभ्याम् (vṛddhā́bhyām) | वृद्धाभिः (vṛddhā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | वृद्धायै (vṛddhā́yai) | वृद्धाभ्याम् (vṛddhā́bhyām) | वृद्धाभ्यः (vṛddhā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | वृद्धायाः (vṛddhā́yāḥ) वृद्धायै² (vṛddhā́yai²) |
वृद्धाभ्याम् (vṛddhā́bhyām) | वृद्धाभ्यः (vṛddhā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | वृद्धायाः (vṛddhā́yāḥ) वृद्धायै² (vṛddhā́yai²) |
वृद्धयोः (vṛddháyoḥ) | वृद्धानाम् (vṛddhā́nām) |
| locative | वृद्धायाम् (vṛddhā́yām) | वृद्धयोः (vṛddháyoḥ) | वृद्धासु (vṛddhā́su) |
| vocative | वृद्धे (vṛ́ddhe) | वृद्धे (vṛ́ddhe) | वृद्धाः (vṛ́ddhāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | वृद्धम् (vṛddhám) | वृद्धे (vṛddhé) | वृद्धानि (vṛddhā́ni) वृद्धा¹ (vṛddhā́¹) |
| accusative | वृद्धम् (vṛddhám) | वृद्धे (vṛddhé) | वृद्धानि (vṛddhā́ni) वृद्धा¹ (vṛddhā́¹) |
| instrumental | वृद्धेन (vṛddhéna) | वृद्धाभ्याम् (vṛddhā́bhyām) | वृद्धैः (vṛddhaíḥ) वृद्धेभिः¹ (vṛddhébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | वृद्धाय (vṛddhā́ya) | वृद्धाभ्याम् (vṛddhā́bhyām) | वृद्धेभ्यः (vṛddhébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | वृद्धात् (vṛddhā́t) | वृद्धाभ्याम् (vṛddhā́bhyām) | वृद्धेभ्यः (vṛddhébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | वृद्धस्य (vṛddhásya) | वृद्धयोः (vṛddháyoḥ) | वृद्धानाम् (vṛddhā́nām) |
| locative | वृद्धे (vṛddhé) | वृद्धयोः (vṛddháyoḥ) | वृद्धेषु (vṛddhéṣu) |
| vocative | वृद्ध (vṛ́ddha) | वृद्धे (vṛ́ddhe) | वृद्धानि (vṛ́ddhāni) वृद्धा¹ (vṛ́ddhā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀯𑀼𑀥 (vudha) (see there for further descendants)
- Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀯𑀼𑀠 (vuḍha) (see there for further descendants)
- Ashokan Prakrit: 𐨬𐨢𐨿𐨪 (vadhra)
- Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀯𑀤𑁆𑀥 (vaddha)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀤𑁆𑀥 (vaddha)
- Paisaci Prakrit:
- Punjabi: ਵੱਧ (vaddha, “excessive, more”)
- Sindhi: उधणु (udhaṇu, “to grow”)
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀤𑁆𑀥 (vaddha),
- Dardic:
- Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (buḍa, “grandfather”), [script needed] (buḍi, “grandmother”)
- Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (buḍa, “old man”), [script needed] (buḍī, “old woman”)
- Kashmiri: بُڈٕ (buḍụ)
- Phalura: بُوڈوُ (buuḍóo)
- Southeast Pashayi: [script needed] (buḍai), [script needed] (buṛālék, “old woman”)
- Shumashti: [script needed] (buṛāla)
- Torwali: [script needed] (batkumā, “maid”)
- Helu Prakrit:
- Sinhalese: විදු (widu, “old man”)
- Pali: vaddha, vuddha, vuḍḍha
Borrowed terms
- → Balinese: ᬯᬺᬤ
- → Hindi: वृद्ध (vŕddh)
- → Kannada: ವೃದ್ಧ (vṛddha)
- → Malay: berida
- Indonesian: berida
- → Malayalam: വൃദ്ധൻ (vr̥ddhaṉ)
- → Old Javanese:
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “वृद्ध”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1010, columns 2-3.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “vr̥ddhá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*buḍḍha”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press