वृध्

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

वर्ध् (vardh)

Alternative scripts

ৱৃধ্ (Assamese script)
ᬯᬺᬥ᭄ (Balinese script)
বৃধ্ (Bengali script)
𑰪𑰴𑰠𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀯𑀾𑀥𑁆 (Brahmi script)
ဝၖဓ် (Burmese script)
વૃધ્ (Gujarati script)
ਵ੍ਰਧ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌵𑍃𑌧𑍍 (Grantha script)
ꦮꦽꦣ꧀ (Javanese script)
𑂫𑃂𑂡𑂹 (Kaithi script)
ವೃಧ್ (Kannada script)
វ្ឫធ៑ (Khmer script)
ວ຺ຣິຘ຺ (Lao script)
വൃധ് (Malayalam script)
ᠸᡵᡳᢡ (Manchu script)
𑘪𑘵𑘠𑘿 (Modi script)
ᠸᠷᠢᢑᠾ (Mongolian script)
𑧊𑧖𑧀𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
𑐰𑐺𑐢𑑂 (Newa script)
ଵୃଧ୍ (Odia script)
ꢮꢺꢤ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
𑆮𑆸𑆣𑇀 (Sharada script)
𑖪𑖴𑖠𑖿 (Siddham script)
වෘධ් (Sinhalese script)
𑩾𑩙𑩮 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
𑚦𑚜𑚶 (Takri script)
வ்ரித்⁴ (Tamil script)
వృధ్ (Telugu script)
วฺฤธฺ (Thai script)
ཝྲྀ་དྷ྄ (Tibetan script)
𑒫𑒵𑒡𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
𑨭𑨼𑨉𑨜𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hwardʰ-

Sanskrit वृध् (vṛdh)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hwardʰ-, from a possible Proto-Indo-European root *Hwerdʰ- of uncertain further origin.

Schindler, citing Krisch, takes the root as a metathesis of Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰ- (“to grow, rise”), whence रोधति (rodhati, “to grow, sprout”). Alternative theories include a connection to Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“to rule; strong”). The root may have been contaminated by semantically similar roots such as the one underlying अर्ध् (ardh, “to prosper”). See rose for more.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʋr̩dʱ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ʋr̩d̪ʱ/

Root

वृध् • (vṛdh)

to grow, thrive
to elevate, praise, exalt

Derived terms

Sanskrit terms belonging to the root वृध् (0 c, 7 e)

Terms derived from the Sanskrit root वृध् (7 c, 0 e)

Primary Verbal Forms

वर्धति (vardhati) (Present)
वर्त्स्यति (vartsyáti) (Future)
वर्धिष्यति (vardhiṣyáti) (Future)
वर्धिता (vardhitā́) (Periphrastic Future)
अवृधत् (ávṛdhat) (Aorist)
अवर्धिष्ट (ávardhiṣṭa) (Aorist)
ववर्ध (vavárdha) (Perfect)

Secondary Forms

वर्धयति (vardháyati) (Causative)
वर्धापयति (vardhāpáyati) (Causative)
अवीवृधत् (ávīvṛdhat) (Causative Aorist)
विवर्धिषते (vivardhiṣate) (Desiderative)
विवृत्सति (vivṛtsati) (Desiderative)
वरिवृध्यते (varivṛdhyate) (Intensive)
वरिवृधीति (varivṛdhīti) (Intensive)

Non-Finite Forms

वृद्ध (vṛddhá) (Past Participle)
वर्धितुम् (vardhitum) (Infinitive)
वृधे (vṛdhé) (Infinitive)
वृधसे (vṛdháse) (Infinitive)
वावृधध्यै (vāvṛdhádhyai) (Infinitive)
वर्धित्वा (vardhitvā́) (Gerund)
वृद्ध्वा (vṛddhvā́) (Gerund)
वर्धनीय (vardhanī́ya) (Gerundive)
वर्धितव्य (vardhitavyá) (Gerundive)

Derived Nominal Forms

वृध् (vṛdh)
वृध (vṛdhá)
वर्ध (várdha)
वर्धक (vardhaka)
वर्धिन् (vardhin)
वर्धन (várdhana)
वृधस् (vṛdhás)
वृधीक (vṛdhīká)
वृद्धि (vṛddhi)
वर्धितृ (vardhitṛ)
वर्ध्मन् (vardhman)
ऊर्ध्व (ūrdhvá)
वृधसान (vṛdhasāná)
वर्धिष्णु (vardhiṣṇu)
वावृधेन्य (vāvṛdhénya)
वर्धयितृ (vardhayitṛ)
वर्धापन (vardhāpana)

Prefixed Root Forms

विवर्ध् (vivardh)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “वृध्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1010/2.
William Dwight Whitney (1885) The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 164

Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 520-521; 574
Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 163; 193-194; 208
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1. *u̯elH-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 676-77