वृद्धि
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit वृद्धि (vṛ́ddhi). Doublet of बाढ़ (bāṛh), a tadbhava.
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /ʋɾɪd̪.d̪ʱiː/, [ʋɾɪd̪̚.d̪ʱiː]
Noun
वृद्धि • (vŕddhi) f (Urdu spelling وردھی)
- increase, growth, augmentation
- Synonym: वर्धन (vardhan)
- lengthening
- gain, profit
- Synonym: फ़ायदा (fāydā)
- (grammar) vrddhi
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | वृद्धि vŕddhi |
वृद्धियाँ vŕddhiyā̃ |
| oblique | वृद्धि vŕddhi |
वृद्धियों vŕddhiyõ |
| vocative | वृद्धि vŕddhi |
वृद्धियो vŕddhiyo |
References
- Platts, John T. (1884) “वृद्धि”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ৱৃদ্ধি (Assamese script)
- ᬯᬺᬤ᭄ᬥᬶ (Balinese script)
- বৃদ্ধি (Bengali script)
- 𑰪𑰴𑰟𑰿𑰠𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀯𑀾𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀺 (Brahmi script)
- ဝၖဒ္ဓိ (Burmese script)
- વૃદ્ધિ (Gujarati script)
- ਵ੍ਰਦ੍ਧਿ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌵𑍃𑌦𑍍𑌧𑌿 (Grantha script)
- ꦮꦽꦢ꧀ꦣꦶ (Javanese script)
- 𑂫𑃂𑂠𑂹𑂡𑂱 (Kaithi script)
- ವೃದ್ಧಿ (Kannada script)
- វ្ឫទ្ធិ (Khmer script)
- ວ຺ຣິທ຺ຘິ (Lao script)
- വൃദ്ധി (Malayalam script)
- ᠸᡵᡳᡩᢡᡳ (Manchu script)
- 𑘪𑘵𑘟𑘿𑘠𑘱 (Modi script)
- ᠸᠷᠢᢑᢑᠾᠢ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧊𑧖𑦿𑧠𑧀𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐰𑐺𑐡𑑂𑐢𑐶 (Newa script)
- ଵୃଦ୍ଧି (Odia script)
- ꢮꢺꢣ꣄ꢤꢶ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆮𑆸𑆢𑇀𑆣𑆴 (Sharada script)
- 𑖪𑖴𑖟𑖿𑖠𑖰 (Siddham script)
- වෘද්ධි (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩾𑩙𑩭 𑪙𑩮𑩑 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚦𑚛𑚶𑚜𑚮 (Takri script)
- வ்ரித்³தி⁴ (Tamil script)
- వృద్ధి (Telugu script)
- วฺฤทฺธิ (Thai script)
- ཝྲྀ་དྡྷི (Tibetan script)
- 𑒫𑒵𑒠𑓂𑒡𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨭𑨼𑨉𑨛𑩇𑨜𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wŕ̥dᶻdʰiš (“growth, increase”), from Proto-Indo-European *wérdʰ-ti-s ~ *wr̥dʰ-téy-s. Synchronically, from the root वृध् (vṛdh, “to grow”) + -ति (-ti). See वृद्ध (vṛddha) and वर्धति (vardhati) for cognates.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ʋŕ̩d.dʱi/, [ʋŕ̩d̚.dʱi]
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ʋr̩d̪.d̪ʱi/, [ʋr̩d̪̚.d̪ʱi]
Noun
वृद्धि • (vṛ́ddhi) stem, f
- growth, increase, augmentation, prolongation
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.10.12:
- परि त्वा गिर्वणो गिर इमा भवन्तु विश्वतः ।
वृद्धायुमनु वृद्धयो जुष्टा भवन्तु जुष्टयः ॥- pari tvā girvaṇo gira imā bhavantu viśvataḥ.
vṛddhāyumanu vṛddhayo juṣṭā bhavantu juṣṭayaḥ. - Thou who lovest hymns, may these hymns of ours encompass thee on every side
May they be an augmentation to thee of lengthened life, may they be dear delights to thee.
- pari tvā girvaṇo gira imā bhavantu viśvataḥ.
- परि त्वा गिर्वणो गिर इमा भवन्तु विश्वतः ।
- c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) IV.7.2:
- वृद्धिश् च मे सत्यं च मे श्रद्धा च मे
- vṛddhiś ca me satyaṃ ca me śraddhā ca me
- To me [may] growth, truth and faith [be granted]
- वृद्धिश् च मे सत्यं च मे श्रद्धा च मे
- advancement, prosperity, welfare, happiness
- gain, profit
- profit from lending money; interest
- c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti 8.154:
- ऋणं दातुम् अशक्तो यः कर्तुम् इच्छेत्पुनः क्रियाम् ।
स दत्त्वा निर्जितां वृद्धिं करणं परिवर्तयेत् ।।- ṛṇaṃ dātum aśakto yaḥ kartum icchetpunaḥ kriyām.
sa dattvā nirjitāṃ vṛddhiṃ karaṇaṃ parivartayet.. - He who, unable to pay a debt (at the fixed time), wishes to make a new contract, may renew the agreement, after paying the interest which is due.
- ṛṇaṃ dātum aśakto yaḥ kartum icchetpunaḥ kriyām.
- ऋणं दातुम् अशक्तो यः कर्तुम् इच्छेत्पुनः क्रियाम् ।
- profit from lending money; interest
- elevation (of the ground)
- swelling
- (grammar) vrddhi
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | वृद्धिः (vṛ́ddhiḥ) | वृद्धी (vṛ́ddhī) | वृद्धयः (vṛ́ddhayaḥ) |
| accusative | वृद्धिम् (vṛ́ddhim) | वृद्धी (vṛ́ddhī) | वृद्धीः (vṛ́ddhīḥ) |
| instrumental | वृद्ध्या (vṛ́ddhyā) वृद्धी¹ (vṛ́ddhī¹) |
वृद्धिभ्याम् (vṛ́ddhibhyām) | वृद्धिभिः (vṛ́ddhibhiḥ) |
| dative | वृद्धये (vṛ́ddhaye) वृद्ध्यै² (vṛ́ddhyai²) वृद्धी¹ (vṛ́ddhī¹) |
वृद्धिभ्याम् (vṛ́ddhibhyām) | वृद्धिभ्यः (vṛ́ddhibhyaḥ) |
| ablative | वृद्धेः (vṛ́ddheḥ) वृद्ध्याः² (vṛ́ddhyāḥ²) वृद्ध्यै³ (vṛ́ddhyai³) |
वृद्धिभ्याम् (vṛ́ddhibhyām) | वृद्धिभ्यः (vṛ́ddhibhyaḥ) |
| genitive | वृद्धेः (vṛ́ddheḥ) वृद्ध्याः² (vṛ́ddhyāḥ²) वृद्ध्यै³ (vṛ́ddhyai³) |
वृद्ध्योः (vṛ́ddhyoḥ) | वृद्धीनाम् (vṛ́ddhīnām) |
| locative | वृद्धौ (vṛ́ddhau) वृद्ध्याम्² (vṛ́ddhyām²) वृद्धा¹ (vṛ́ddhā¹) |
वृद्ध्योः (vṛ́ddhyoḥ) | वृद्धिषु (vṛ́ddhiṣu) |
| vocative | वृद्धे (vṛ́ddhe) | वृद्धी (vṛ́ddhī) | वृद्धयः (vṛ́ddhayaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Later Sanskrit
- ³Brāhmaṇas
Descendants
- Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀯𑀠𑀺 (vaḍhi /vaḍḍhi/), 𐨬𐨝𐨁 (vaḍhi)
- Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀯𑀼𑀠𑀺 (vuḍhi /vuḍḍhi/)
- Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀯𑀥𑀺 (vadhi /vaddhi/)
- Prakrit: *vaddhi ~ *vaddhiyā
- Northwestern:
- Sindhi: واڌِ (vadhi, “abundance”)
- Western:
- Gujarati: વધ (vadh, “increase”)
- Northwestern:
- Prakrit: *vaddhi ~ *vaddhiyā
- Ashokan Prakrit: 𐨬𐨢𐨿𐨪𐨁 (vadhri)
- Ashokan Prakrit: *viddhi
- Prakrit: 𑀯𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀺 (viddhi)
- Ashokan Prakrit: *vuddhi
- Prakrit: 𑀯𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀺 (vuddhi)
- Sindhi: اُڌيِ کُٽيِ (udhī-khuṭī, “profit-loss”) (< *vuddhiyā)
- Prakrit: 𑀯𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀺 (vuddhi)
- Dardic:
- Kashmiri: वड् (waḍ, “profit”)
- Pali: vaḍḍhi, vuḍḍhi, vuddhi
- → English: vṛddhi, vrddhi, vr̥ddhi, vriddhi
- → Hindi: वृद्धि (vŕddhi)
- → Kannada: ವೃದ್ಧಿ (vṛddhi)
- → Old Javanese: wṛddhi, wrĕde
- → Tamil: விருத்தி (virutti)
- → Telugu: వృద్ధి (vr̥ddhi)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “वृद्धि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1011.
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “vṛddhi”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.