-ति
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
- -ᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
- -တိ (Burmese script)
- -ति (Devanagari script)
- -ਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
- -𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
- -ꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
- -𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
- -តិ (Khmer script)
- -ຕິ (Lao script)
- -തി (Malayalam script)
- -ᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
- -𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
- -ᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
- -𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
- -𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
- -ତି (Odia script)
- -ꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
- -𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
- -𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
- -ති (Sinhalese script)
- -𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
- -𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
- -தி (Tamil script)
- -ติ (Thai script)
- -་ཏི (Tibetan script)
- -𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ti/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /t̪i/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *-tiṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-tiš, from Proto-Indo-European *-tis.
Alternative forms
- -नि (-ni)
Suffix
-ति • (-ti) f
Usage notes
This suffix forms feminine i-stem nouns and is attached to the zero-grade of a root. As such, internal sandhi occurs. As examples:
- गम् (gam, “to go”) + -ति (-ti) → गति (gati, “movement”) (when a root ends in n or m, that consonant is lost)
- वच् (vac, “to speak”) + -ति (-ti) → उक्ति (ukti, “speech”) (roots that are not already in the zero-grade transform into their zero-grade forms)
- युज् (yuj, “to join”) + -ति (-ti) → युक्ति (yukti, “joining”) (root-final palatal becomes velar before a dental consonant)
The Vedic accent on the suffixed term is unpredictable; compare oxytone स्तु॒ति (stutí) and paroxytone गति॑ (gáti). Roots with the past participle in -त (-tá) somewhat-reliably take a similar form with this suffix. Roots with the past participle in -इत (itá) do not have the seṭ -इ- (-i-) before -ति (-ti). Verbs forming the past participle with -न (-ná) typically use -नि (-ni) instead of this suffix.
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -तिः (-tiḥ) | -ती (-tī) | -तयः (-tayaḥ) |
| accusative | -तिम् (-tim) | -ती (-tī) | -तीः (-tīḥ) |
| instrumental | -त्या (-tyā) -ती¹ (-tī¹) |
-तिभ्याम् (-tibhyām) | -तिभिः (-tibhiḥ) |
| dative | -तये (-taye) -त्यै² (-tyai²) -ती¹ (-tī¹) |
-तिभ्याम् (-tibhyām) | -तिभ्यः (-tibhyaḥ) |
| ablative | -तेः (-teḥ) -त्याः² (-tyāḥ²) -त्यै³ (-tyai³) |
-तिभ्याम् (-tibhyām) | -तिभ्यः (-tibhyaḥ) |
| genitive | -तेः (-teḥ) -त्याः² (-tyāḥ²) -त्यै³ (-tyai³) |
-त्योः (-tyoḥ) | -तीनाम् (-tīnām) |
| locative | -तौ (-tau) -त्याम्² (-tyām²) -ता¹ (-tā¹) |
-त्योः (-tyoḥ) | -तिषु (-tiṣu) |
| vocative | -ते (-te) | -ती (-tī) | -तयः (-tayaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Later Sanskrit
- ³Brāhmaṇas
Derived terms
Descendants
- → Hindi: -ति (-ti)
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Indo-European [Term?]. Related to the -tī in Latin vīgintī.
Alternative forms
- -ती (-tī), -टि (-ṭi), -टी (-ṭī)
Suffix
-ति • (-ti)
- a suffix for some numerals indicating single-digit integer multiples of ten
Etymology 3
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *-ti (third-person singular verb ending). Cognate with Latin -it (third-person singular of the third-conjugation ending -ō).
Suffix
-ति • (-ti)
- Sanskrit present-tense active verbal suffix
Conjugation
Athematic:
| Present: -ति (-ti), -ते (-te) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active | Mediopassive | ||||||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
| Indicative | |||||||
| Third | -ति -ti |
-तः -taḥ |
-अन्ति -anti |
-ते -te |
-आते -āte |
-अते -ate | |
| Second | -सि -si |
-थः -thaḥ |
-थ -tha |
-से -se |
-आथे -āthe |
-ध्वे -dhve | |
| First | -मि -mi |
-वः -vaḥ |
-मः / -मसि¹ -maḥ / -masi¹ |
-ए -e |
-वहे -vahe |
-महे -mahe | |
| Imperative | |||||||
| Third | -तु -tu |
-ताम् -tām |
-अन्तु -antu |
-ताम् -tām |
-आताम् -ātām |
-अताम् -atām | |
| Second | -धि -dhi |
-तम् -tam |
-त -ta |
-स्व -sva |
-आथाम् -āthām |
-ध्वम् -dhvam | |
| First | -आनि -āni |
-आव -āva |
-आम -āma |
-ऐ -ai |
-आवहै -āvahai |
-आमहै -āmahai | |
| Optative/Potential | |||||||
| Third | -यात् -yāt |
-याताम् -yātām |
-युः -yuḥ |
-ईत -īta |
-ईयाताम् -īyātām |
-ईरन् -īran | |
| Second | -याः -yāḥ |
-यातम् -yātam |
-यात -yāta |
-ईथाः -īthāḥ |
-ईयाथाम् -īyāthām |
-ईध्वम् -īdhvam | |
| First | -याम् -yām |
-याव -yāva |
-याम -yāma |
-ईय -īya |
-ईवहि -īvahi |
-ईमहि -īmahi | |
| Subjunctive | |||||||
| Third | -अत् / -अति -at / -ati |
-अतः -ataḥ |
-अन् -an |
-अते / -आतै -ate / -ātai |
-ऐते -aite |
-अन्त / -आन्तै -anta / -āntai | |
| Second | -अः / -असि -aḥ / -asi |
-अथः -athaḥ |
-अथ -atha |
-असे / -आसै -ase / -āsai |
-ऐथे -aithe |
-अध्वे / -आध्वै -adhve / -ādhvai | |
| First | -आनि / -आ -āni / -ā |
-आव -āva |
-आम -āma |
-ऐ -ai |
-आवहै -āvahai |
-आमहै -āmahai | |
| Participles | |||||||
| -अत् -at |
-आन -āna | ||||||
| Notes |
| ||||||
| Imperfect: -त् (-t), -त (-ta) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active | Mediopassive | |||||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Indicative | ||||||
| Third | -त् -t |
-ताम् -tām |
-अन् -an |
-त -ta |
-आताम् -ātām |
-अत -ata |
| Second | -ः -ḥ |
-तम् -tam |
-त -ta |
-थाः -thāḥ |
-आथाम् -āthām |
-ध्वम् -dhvam |
| First | -अम् -am |
-व -va |
-म -ma |
-इ -i |
-वहि -vahi |
-महि -mahi |
Thematic:
| Present: -अति (-ati), -अते (-ate) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active | Mediopassive | ||||||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
| Indicative | |||||||
| Third | -अति -ati |
-अतः -ataḥ |
-अन्ति -anti |
-अते -ate |
-एते -ete |
-अन्ते -ante | |
| Second | -असि -asi |
-अथः -athaḥ |
-अथ -atha |
-असे -ase |
-एथे -ethe |
-अध्वे -adhve | |
| First | -आमि -āmi |
-आवः -āvaḥ |
-आमः / -आमसि¹ -āmaḥ / -āmasi¹ |
-ए -e |
-आवहे -āvahe |
-आमहे -āmahe | |
| Imperative | |||||||
| Third | -अतु -atu |
-अताम् -atām |
-अन्तु -antu |
-अताम् -atām |
-एताम् -etām |
-अन्ताम् -antām | |
| Second | -अ -a |
-अतम् -atam |
-अत -ata |
-अस्व -asva |
-एथाम् -ethām |
-अध्वम् -adhvam | |
| First | -आनि -āni |
-आव -āva |
-आम -āma |
-ऐ -ai |
-आवहै -āvahai |
-आमहै -āmahai | |
| Optative/Potential | |||||||
| Third | -एत् -et |
-एताम् -etām |
-एयुः -eyuḥ |
-एत -eta |
-एयाताम् -eyātām |
-एरन् -eran | |
| Second | -एः -eḥ |
-एतम् -etam |
-एत -eta |
-एथाः -ethāḥ |
-एयाथाम् -eyāthām |
-एध्वम् -edhvam | |
| First | -एयम् -eyam |
-एव -eva |
-एम -ema |
-एय -eya |
-एवहि -evahi |
-एमहि -emahi | |
| Subjunctive | |||||||
| Third | -आत् / -आति -āt / -āti |
-आतः -ātaḥ |
-आन् -ān |
-आते / -आतै -āte / -ātai |
-ऐते -aite |
-अन्त / -आन्तै -anta / -āntai | |
| Second | -आः / -आसि -āḥ / -āsi |
-आथः -āthaḥ |
-आथ -ātha |
-आसे / -आसै -āse / -āsai |
-ऐथे -aithe |
-आध्वै -ādhvai | |
| First | -आनि -āni |
-आव -āva |
-आम -āma |
-ऐ -ai |
-आवहै -āvahai |
-आमहै -āmahai | |
| Participles | |||||||
| -अत् -at |
-अमान -amāna | ||||||
| Notes |
| ||||||
| Imperfect: -अत् (-at), -अत (-ata) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active | Mediopassive | |||||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Indicative | ||||||
| Third | -अत् -at |
-अताम् -atām |
-अन् -an |
-अत -ata |
-एताम् -etām |
-अन्त -anta |
| Second | -अः -aḥ |
-अतम् -atam |
-अत -ata |
-अथाः -athāḥ |
-एथाम् -ethām |
-अध्वम् -adhvam |
| First | -अम् -am |
-आव -āva |
-आम -āma |
-ए -e |
-आवहि -āvahi |
-आमहि -āmahi |
Descendants
- Pali: -ati
- Prakrit: -𑀅𑀤𑀺 (-adi), -𑀅𑀇 (-aï)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “-ति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page {{{1}}}.
- William Dwight Whitney (1889) Sanskrit Grammar[1], § 1157, page 432