Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁lewdʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₁lewdʰ-^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

to grow
people^[5]

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁lewdʰ- (23 c, 0 e)

*h₁léwdʰ-e-ti (thematic root present)
- Proto-Germanic: *leudaną (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hráwdʰati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hráwdʰati
    - Vedic Sanskrit: रोधति (ródhati)
      - Sanskrit: रोहति (róhati)
  - Proto-Iranian: *Hráwdati
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬜𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬌 (raoδəṇti)
- Proto-Tocharian: *lut-
  - Tocharian A: lut-
  - Tocharian B: lut-
*h₁ludʰ-é-t (thematic root aorist) (see there for further descendants)
*h₁lewdʰ-i-s (see there for further descendants)
*h₁léwdʰ-er-o-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *eléutʰeros
  - Ancient Greek: ἐλεύθερος (eleútheros, “free”)
- Proto-Italic: *louðeros (see there for further descendants)
*h₁lewdʰ-er-tos, *h₁lewdʰ-er-teh₂
- Proto-Italic: *louðertos (“freedman”), *louðertā (“freedwoman”)
  - Faliscan: 𐌋𐌏𐌉𐌅𐌄𐌓𐌕𐌀 (loiferta), 𐌋𐌏𐌉𐌅𐌉𐌓𐌕𐌀 (loifirta, “freedwoman”) (with *ou > *oi)
  - Latin: lībertus, līberta (with *ou > *oi)
*h₁lewdʰ-o-
- Proto-Albanian:
  - Albanian: lirë
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ljaudas
  - Proto-Slavic: *ľudъ
*h₁léwdʰ-or-teh₂-t-s
- Proto-Italic: *louðortāts (“freedom”)
  - Faliscan: 𐌋𐌏𐌉𐌅𐌉𐌓𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌏 (loifirtato) (with *ou > *oi)
  - Old Latin: loebertās (with *ou > *oi)
    - Latin: lībertās (see there for further descendants)
*h₁léwdʰ-tus ~ *h₁ludʰ-téws
- Proto-Celtic: *lussus (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Albanian: *lèud-no
  - Albanian: lem, len — dialectal
- Proto-Albanian:
  - Albanian: vëlla
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hráwdʰas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hráwdʰas
    - Sanskrit: रोध (ródha)
  - Proto-Iranian: *Hráwdah
    - Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬜𐬀 (raoδa)
    - Baluchi: ردگ (ruddag)
    - Pashto: لويېدل (loyedal)
    - Persian: رستن (rostan)
    - Talysh: lolo (people)

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
  - Vedic Sanskrit: रुध् (rudh, “to grow”)
    - Sanskrit: रुह् (ruh)

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “6. el-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 306-307
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1. leudh-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 684-685
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₁leu̯dʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 248-249
^ Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*h₁leu̯dʰ-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 245-246
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 190

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “6. el-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 306-307

[2] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1. leudh-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 684-685

[3] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₁leu̯dʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 248-249

[4] Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*h₁leu̯dʰ-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 245-246

[R:TOitPIEatPIEw-5] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 190

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