Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tus

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Suffix

*(é)-tus m

Derives action nouns from verb roots.

Inflection

Athematic, proterokinetic
	singular
nominative	*(é)-tus
genitive	*(Ø)-téws
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*(é)-tus	*(é)-tuh₁(e)	*(é)-tewes
vocative	*(é)-tu	*(é)-tuh₁(e)	*(é)-tewes
accusative	*(é)-tum	*(é)-tuh₁(e)	*(é)-tums
genitive	*(Ø)-téws	*?	*(Ø)-téwoHom
ablative	*(Ø)-téws	*?	(Ø)-túmos, (Ø)-túbʰos
dative	*(Ø)-téwey	*?	(Ø)-túmos, (Ø)-túbʰos
locative	(Ø)-téw, (Ø)-téwi	*?	*(Ø)-túsu
instrumental	*(Ø)-túh₁	*?	(Ø)-túmis, (Ø)-túbʰis

Derived terms

Category Proto-Indo-European nouns suffixed with *-tus not found

*-tu-no- (with *-no-)
- Proto-Hellenic: *-tunos m, ⇒ *-tunā f
  - Ancient Greek: -συνος (-sunos), -σύνη (-súnē)
*-tew-d-h₃onh₂- (with *-h₃onh₂-)
- Proto-Italic: *-tūdō
  - Latin: -tūdō
*-tweh₂ (*-tu-eh₂ f)
*-twom (*-tu-om n)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-istwa
  - Proto-Slavic: *-ьstvo n (“-ness”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-twam
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-twam
    - Sanskrit: -त्व n (-tva, “-ness”), -त्वन (-tvaná) — Vedic
      - → Bengali: -ত্ব (-tto) (learned)
      - Hindi: -पन (-pan)
      - → Hindi: -त्व (-tva) (learned)
      - → Marathi: -त्व (-tva)
      - Punjabi: -تّ (-att) / -ਅੱਤ

Descendants

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-tus
- Latvian: -tus
- Lithuanian: -tus
- Proto-Slavic: *-tъ (partially; regularly extended with Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ)
Proto-Celtic: *-tus (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Germanic: *-þuz (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Hellenic: *-tús
- Ancient Greek: -τύς (-tús)
Proto-Italic: *-tus
- Latin: -tum (the supine; exists only in accusative and ablative)
- Latin: -tus
Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
  - Sanskrit: -तुम् (-tum)