रुध्
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ৰুধ্ (Assamese script)
- ᬭᬸᬥ᭄ (Balinese script)
- রুধ্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰨𑰲𑰠𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀭𑀼𑀥𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- ရုဓ် (Burmese script)
- રુધ્ (Gujarati script)
- ਰੁਧ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌰𑍁𑌧𑍍 (Grantha script)
- ꦫꦸꦣ꧀ (Javanese script)
- 𑂩𑂳𑂡𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- ರುಧ್ (Kannada script)
- រុធ៑ (Khmer script)
- ຣຸຘ຺ (Lao script)
- രുധ് (Malayalam script)
- ᡵᡠᢡ (Manchu script)
- 𑘨𑘳𑘠𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᠷᠤᢑᠾ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧈𑧔𑧀𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐬𑐸𑐢𑑂 (Newa script)
- ରୁଧ୍ (Odia script)
- ꢬꢸꢤ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆫𑆶𑆣𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖨𑖲𑖠𑖿 (Siddham script)
- රුධ් (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩼𑩒𑩮 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚤𑚰𑚜𑚶 (Takri script)
- ருத்⁴ (Tamil script)
- రుధ్ (Telugu script)
- รุธฺ (Thai script)
- རུ་དྷ྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒩𑒳𑒡𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨫𑨃𑨜𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɾudʱ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɾud̪ʱ/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *rawdʰ- (“to obstruct”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *lewdʰ- (“idem”); compare Welsh arlludd (“obstacle”).
Alternative forms
- रोध् (rodh)
Root
रुध् • (rudh)
- to obstruct, stop, arrest, check, oppose, hinder; impede, prevent
- to hold up, preserve, sustain (from falling)
- to shut up, lock or block up, close up, shut or close
- to surround, fence or hem in
- to bind, confine
- to besiege, invest, blockade
- to hide, cover, obscure, conceal
- to oppress, torment, afflict excessively
- (causative) to cause to stop, detain, impede, obstruct
- to fetter, confine, chain
- to oppress, torment, harass
Derived terms
Sanskrit terms belonging to the root रुध् (0 c, 7 e)
Terms derived from the Sanskrit root रुध् (2 c, 0 e)
- Primary Verbal Forms
- Secondary Forms
- रुध्यते (rudhyáte) (Passive)
- अरोधि (árodhi) (Passive Aorist)
- रोधयति (rodhayati) (Causative)
- रुन्धयति (rundhayati) (Causative)
- अरूरुधत् (arūrudhat) (Causative Aorist)
- रोध्यते (rodhyate) (Passive of Causative)
- रुरुत्सति (rurutsati) (Desiderative)
- रोरोद्धि (roroddhi) (Intensive)
- रोरुध्यते (rorudhyate) (Intensive)
- Non-Finite Forms
- रुद्ध (ruddhá) (Past Participle)
- रोद्धुम् (roddhum) (Infinitive)
- रोधितुम् (rodhitum) (Infinitive)
- रोद्धोस् (roddhos) (Infinitive)
- रुद्ध्वा (ruddhvā) (Gerund)
- रुध्य (rúdhya) (Gerund)
- रुधम् (rúdham) (Gerund)
- रोध्य (rodhya) (Gerundive)
- रोद्धव्य (roddhavya) (Gerundive)
- Derived Nominal Forms
- रुध् (rudh)
- रोध (ródha)
- रोधक (rodhaka)
- रोधन (ródhana)
- रोधना (rodhanā́)
- रोधस् (ródhas)
- रोधिन् (rodhin)
- रोद्धृ (roddhṛ)
- Prefixed Root Forms
- अनुरुध् (anurudh)
- अपरुध् (aparudh)
- अभिरुध् (abhirudh)
- अवरुध् (avarudh)
- आरुध् (ārudh)
- उद्रुध् (udrudh)
- उपरुध् (uparudh)
- निरुध् (nirudh)
- प्रतिरुध् (pratirudh)
- प्ररुध् (prarudh)
- विरुध् (virudh)
- संरुध् (saṃrudh)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰ- (“to grow”). Cognate with Old English lēodan.
Alternative forms
- रुह् (ruh), रोध् (rodh)
Root
रुध् • (rudh)
- to sprout, shoot, grow
Derived terms
- रुधतः (rudhataḥ)
- रुधत् (rudhat)
- रोधति (rodhati)
- विरोधत् (virodhat)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “रुध्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 884/1-2.
- William Dwight Whitney (1885) The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, pages 142-143
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 453; 467-9