Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/leudaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁léwdʰ-e-ti, from *h₁lewdʰ- (“to grow; people”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈleu̯.ðɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*leudaną[1][2]

  1. To sprout; spring up; grow

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *leudō *leudaų — *leudai ?
2nd singular *liudizi *leudaiz *leud *leudazai *leudaizau
3rd singular *liudidi *leudai *leudadau *leudadai *leudaidau
1st dual *leudōz *leudaiw — — —
2nd dual *leudadiz *leudaidiz *leudadiz — —
1st plural *leudamaz *leudaim — *leudandai *leudaindau
2nd plural *liudid *leudaid *liudid *leudandai *leudaindau
3rd plural *leudandi *leudain *leudandau *leudandai *leudaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *laud *ludį̄
2nd singular *laust *ludīz
3rd singular *laud *ludī
1st dual *ludū *ludīw
2nd dual *lududiz *ludīdiz
1st plural *ludum *ludīm
2nd plural *ludud *ludīd
3rd plural *ludun *ludīn
present past
participles *leudandz *ludanaz

Derived terms

  • *uzleudaną

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *leudan
    • Old English: lēodan
    • Old Saxon: liodan
    • Old High German: liotan
  • ⇒ Old Norse: loðinn (past participle)
  • Gothic: 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽 (liudan)

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*leudan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 332
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*leuđanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 242
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