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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁léwdʰis (“people”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰ- (“to grow (up)”).[1] Doublet of *lūdiz.
Pronunciation
Noun
*liudiz m or f
- (in the singular) man, person
- (in the plural) men, people
Inflection
Declension of *liudiz (i-stem)
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singular
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plural
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| nominative
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*liudiz
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*liudīz
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| vocative
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*liudi
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*liudīz
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| accusative
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*liudį
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*liudinz
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| genitive
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*liudīz
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*liudijǫ̂
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| dative
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*liudī
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*liudimaz
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| instrumental
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*liudī
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*liudimiz
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Derived terms
- *Liudibalþaz
- *Liudiharjaz
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *liudi
- Old English: lēod
- Old Frisian: liōd, liūde, liōde m
- Saterland Frisian: ljode
- West Frisian: lie, lju, ljuwe
- Old Saxon: liud, liudi m
- Middle Low German: lüde, luede, luide
- Low German: Lüde
- German Low German: Lühde pl, Lühd pl, Lüüde pl, Lüüd pl, Lüüt pl, Lüü pl
- Old Dutch: liut
- → Medieval Latin: leodēs, leudēs
- Old High German: liut m or f or n, liuti m pl
- Middle High German: liut
- Alemannic German: Lüüte
- Central Franconian: Löck, Lück (Kölsch, northernmost Ripuarian), Lüü (western Ripuarian), Lie (Siegerland), Leit (other Moselle Franconian)
- German: Leute pl
- Hunsrik: Leit
- Luxembourgish: Leit
- Vilamovian: łaojt
- Yiddish: לײַט (layt)
- Old Norse: lýðr m, ljóðr
- Icelandic: ljóður, lýður
- Faroese: -lýður (in borgarlýður, kirkjulýður, undirlýður), lýð- (in lýðveldi)
- Norn: lø
- Norwegian Nynorsk: lyd
- Old Swedish: lyþir m pl
- Old Gutnish: lyþir m pl
- → Middle English: lith, lyth
- Gothic: *𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌸𐍃 (*liuþs), *𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 (*liudeis)
- → Latin: leodes (in the Lex Visigothorum), leudes (possibly)
- → Proto-Finnic: *liuta (see there for further descendants)
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “liaudis”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 281: “*ljoud-i-”