व्यतिरेकी
Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit व्यतिरेकिन् (vyatirekin); by surface analysis, व्यतिरेक (vyatirek) + -ई (-ī).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /ʋjə.t̪ɪ.ɾeː.kiː/, [ʋjɐ.t̪ɪ.ɾeː.kiː]
- Rhymes: -iː, -eːkiː
- Hyphenation: व्य‧ति‧रे‧की
Adjective
व्यतिरेकी • (vyatirekī) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling وْیَتِریکی)
- distinctive, differential, contrastive
- व्यतिरेकी विश्लेषण ― vyatirekī viśleṣaṇ ― contrastive analysis
- 2007 June 26, भारत का राजपत्र [The Gazette of India][1], number 287, Directorate of Printing, Government of India, part II, section 3, sub-section (i):
- इन नियमों के अधीन जारी किए गए प्राधिकार-प्रमाण-पत्र के अधीन प्रत्येक मोटर यान या मोटर कैब, व्यतिरेकी रंगों में मोटर यान के पृष्ठ भाग पर ‘अखिल भारतीय पर्यटक परमिट’ शब्द प्रदर्शित करेगा जिससे कि स्पष्ट रूप से दृश्यमान हो सकें।
- in niymõ ke adhīn jārī kie gae prādhikār-pramāṇ-patra ke adhīn pratyek moṭar yān yā moṭar kaib, vyatirekī raṅgõ mẽ moṭar yān ke pŕṣṭh bhāg par ‘akhil bhārtīya paryaṭak parmiṭ’ śabd pradarśit karegā jisse ki spaṣṭ rūp se dŕśyamān ho sakẽ.
- Every motor vehicle or motor cab under the Authorisation Certificate issued under these rules shall exhibit the words ‘All India Tourist Permit’ on the back of the motor vehicle in contrasting colours, so as to be clearly visible.
- different, distinct
- 2019 April 1, नरेश मिश्र [Naresh Mishra], मानक हिंदी और हरियाणवी का व्यतिरेकी अध्ययन, Vani Prakashan, →ISBN, page 191:
- मानक हिंदी में एक भाव के लिए जिस शब्द का प्रयोग किया जाता है, तो कौरवी हरियाणवी में उसी भाव के लिए यदा-कदा पूर्ण भिन्न या स्पष्ट व्यतिरेकी शब्द का प्रयोग किया जाता है; यथा—
मानक हिंदी कौरवी हरियाणवी मानक हिंदी कौरवी हरियाणवी आटा चून कपड़ा लत्ता गर्दन नाड़ गिलास बखोरा घुटना गोड्डा चलनी छलगी - mānak hindī mẽ ek bhāv ke lie jis śabd kā prayog kiyā jātā hai, to kaurvī hariyāṇvī mẽ usī bhāv ke lie yadā-kadā pūrṇ bhinn yā spaṣṭ vyatirekī śabd kā prayog kiyā jātā hai; yathā—
mānak hindī kaurvī hariyāṇvī mānak hindī kaurvī hariyāṇvī āṭā cūn kapṛā lattā gardan nāṛ gilās bakhorā ghuṭnā goḍḍā calnī chalgī - The word used for a particular meaning in Standard Hindi is sometimes completely different or clearly distinct from the word used in Kauravi Haryanvi to express the same meaning; for example:
Standard Hindi Kauravi Haryanvi Standard Hindi Kauravi Haryanvi आटा (āṭā, “flour”) चून (cūn) कपड़ा (kapṛā, “cloth”) लत्ता (lattā) गर्दन (gardan, “neck”) नाड़ (nāṛ) गिलास (gilās, “glass”) बखोरा (bakhorā) घुटना (ghuṭnā, “knee”) गोड्डा (goḍḍā) चलनी (calnī, “sieve”) छलगी (chalgī)
- mānak hindī mẽ ek bhāv ke lie jis śabd kā prayog kiyā jātā hai, to kaurvī hariyāṇvī mẽ usī bhāv ke lie yadā-kadā pūrṇ bhinn yā spaṣṭ vyatirekī śabd kā prayog kiyā jātā hai; yathā—
- exclusive, exceptive (Can we add an example for this sense?)
- (logic) negative (implying negation or nonexistence)
- Antonym: अन्वयी (anvayī)
- 1968, बदरीनाथ शुक्ल [Badrinath Shukla], केशवमिश्रप्रणीता तर्कभाषा हिन्दी व्याख्या सहित, second edition: 1976 (2007 reprint), Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House, commentary on Tarkabhāṣā by Keśava Miśra (in Sanskrit), →ISBN, page 115:
- इस मत के अनुसार हेतु के प्रथम दो भेद किये जायंगे, केवलान्वयी और व्यतिरेकी। व्यतिरेकी के दो भेद होंगे, केवलव्यतिरेकी और अन्वयव्यतिरेकी। जिस हेतु से केवलान्वयी—सर्वत्र रहने वाले साध्य का अनुमान होगा वह हेतु केवलान्वयी हेतु कहा जायगा, और जिस हेतु से व्यतिरेकी—सर्वत्र न रहने वाले साध्य का अनुमान होगा वह हेतु व्यतिरेकी हेतु कहा जायगा।
- is mat ke anusār hetu ke pratham do bhed kiye jāyaṅge, kevalānvayī aur vyatirekī. vyatirekī ke do bhed hoṅge, kevalvyatirekī aur anvayvyatirekī. jis hetu se kevalānvayī—sarvatra rahne vāle sādhya kā anumān hogā vah hetu kevalānvayī hetu kahā jāygā, aur jis hetu se vyatirekī—sarvatra na rahne vāle sādhya kā anumān hogā vah hetu vyatirekī hetu kahā jāygā.
- According to [Raghunatha Shiromani’s] view, first, hetu (inferential sign) is to be categorised into two types, ‘universally positive’ (kevalānvayin) and ‘negative’ (vyatirekin). Negative is to be categorised into two types, ‘universally negative’ (kevala-vyatirekin) and ‘combined positive and negative’ (anvaya-vyatirekin). A hetu by which one can infer a kevalānvayin or universally positive sādhya (inferred property) is called a kevalānvayi-hetu, and a hetu by which one can infer a vyatirekin or not universally positive sādhya is called vyatireki-hetu.
Derived terms
- व्यतिरेकी भाषाविज्ञान (vyatirekī bhāṣāvijñān, “contrastive linguistics”)
Related terms
- व्यतिरिक्त (vyatirikt)
References
- Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “व्यतिरेक”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House, page 727
- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “व्यतिरेकी”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 4636
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ৱ্যতিৰেকী (Assamese script)
- ᬯ᭄ᬬᬢᬶᬭᬾᬓᬷ (Balinese script)
- ব্যতিরেকী (Bengali script)
- 𑰪𑰿𑰧𑰝𑰰𑰨𑰸𑰎𑰱 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀯𑁆𑀬𑀢𑀺𑀭𑁂𑀓𑀻 (Brahmi script)
- ဝျတိရေကီ (Burmese script)
- વ્યતિરેકી (Gujarati script)
- ਵ੍ਯਤਿਰੇਕੀ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌵𑍍𑌯𑌤𑌿𑌰𑍇𑌕𑍀 (Grantha script)
- ꦮꦾꦠꦶꦫꦺꦏꦷ (Javanese script)
- 𑂫𑂹𑂨𑂞𑂱𑂩𑂵𑂍𑂲 (Kaithi script)
- ವ್ಯತಿರೇಕೀ (Kannada script)
- វ្យតិរេកី (Khmer script)
- ວ຺ຍຕິເຣກີ (Lao script)
- വ്യതിരേകീ (Malayalam script)
- ᠸᠶᠠᢠᡳᡵᡝᡬᡳᡳ (Manchu script)
- 𑘪𑘿𑘧𑘝𑘱𑘨𑘹𑘎𑘲 (Modi script)
- ᠸᠶ᠋ᠠᢐᠢᠷᠧᢉᠢᠢ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧊𑧠𑧇𑦽𑧒𑧈𑧚𑦮𑧓 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐰𑑂𑐫𑐟𑐶𑐬𑐾𑐎𑐷 (Newa script)
- ଵ୍ଯତିରେକୀ (Odia script)
- ꢮ꣄ꢫꢡꢶꢬꢾꢒꢷ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆮𑇀𑆪𑆠𑆴𑆫𑆼𑆑𑆵 (Sharada script)
- 𑖪𑖿𑖧𑖝𑖰𑖨𑖸𑖎𑖱 (Siddham script)
- ව්යතිරෙකී (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩾 𑪙𑩻𑩫𑩑𑩼𑩔𑩜𑩑𑩛 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚦𑚶𑚣𑚙𑚮𑚤𑚲𑚊𑚯 (Takri script)
- வ்யதிரேகீ (Tamil script)
- వ్యతిరేకీ (Telugu script)
- วฺยติเรกี (Thai script)
- ཝྱ་ཏི་རེ་ཀཱི (Tibetan script)
- 𑒫𑓂𑒨𑒞𑒱𑒩𑒹𑒏𑒲 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨭𑩇𑨪𑨙𑨁𑨫𑨄𑨋𑨁𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ʋjɐ.ti.ɾɐj.kiː/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ʋjɐ.t̪i.ɾeː.kiː/
Adjective
व्यतिरेकी • (vyatirekī) m
- nominative singular of व्यतिरेकिन् (vyatirekin)