व्यथा
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit व्यथा (vyathā).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /ʋjə.t̪ʰɑː/, [ʋjɐ.t̪ʰäː]
Noun
व्यथा • (vyathā) f
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | व्यथा vyathā |
व्यथाएँ vyathāẽ |
| oblique | व्यथा vyathā |
व्यथाओं vyathāõ |
| vocative | व्यथा vyathā |
व्यथाओ vyathāo |
Further reading
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “व्यथा”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Marathi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit व्यथा (vyathā). First attested as Old Marathi वेथा (vethā).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʋjə.t̪ʰa/
Noun
व्यथा • (vyathā) f
Declension
| Declension of व्यथा (fem ā-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
व्यथा vyathā | ||
| direct plural |
व्यथा vyathā | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
व्यथा vyathā |
व्यथा vyathā | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
व्यथे vyathe |
व्यथां- vyathān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
व्यथेला vyathelā |
व्यथांना vyathānnā | |
| ergative | व्यथेने, व्यथेनं vyathene, vyathena |
व्यथांनी vyathānnī | |
| instrumental | व्यथेशी vyatheśī |
व्यथांशी vyathānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
व्यथेत vyathet |
व्यथांत vyathāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
व्यथे vyathe |
व्यथांनो vyathānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of व्यथा (fem ā-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
व्यथेचा vyatheċā |
व्यथेचे vyatheċe |
व्यथेची vyathecī |
व्यथेच्या vyathecā |
व्यथेचे, व्यथेचं vyatheċe, vyatheċa |
व्यथेची vyathecī |
व्यथेच्या vyathecā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
व्यथांचा vyathānċā |
व्यथांचे vyathānċe |
व्यथांची vyathāñcī |
व्यथांच्या vyathāncā |
व्यथांचे, व्यथांचं vyathānċe, vyathānċa |
व्यथांची vyathāñcī |
व्यथांच्या vyathāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
References
- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “व्यथा”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “व्यथा”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
Sanskrit
Etymology
From the root व्यथ् (vyath) + -आ (-ā)
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ʋjɐ.tʰɑː/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ʋjɐ.t̪ʰɑː/
Noun
व्यथा • (vyathā) stem, f
- agitation, perturbation, alarm, uneasiness, pain, anguish, fear
- loss, damage, ill-luck
- palpitation, throbbing of the heart
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | व्यथा (vyathā) | व्यथे (vyathe) | व्यथाः (vyathāḥ) |
| accusative | व्यथाम् (vyathām) | व्यथे (vyathe) | व्यथाः (vyathāḥ) |
| instrumental | व्यथया (vyathayā) व्यथा¹ (vyathā¹) |
व्यथाभ्याम् (vyathābhyām) | व्यथाभिः (vyathābhiḥ) |
| dative | व्यथायै (vyathāyai) | व्यथाभ्याम् (vyathābhyām) | व्यथाभ्यः (vyathābhyaḥ) |
| ablative | व्यथायाः (vyathāyāḥ) व्यथायै² (vyathāyai²) |
व्यथाभ्याम् (vyathābhyām) | व्यथाभ्यः (vyathābhyaḥ) |
| genitive | व्यथायाः (vyathāyāḥ) व्यथायै² (vyathāyai²) |
व्यथयोः (vyathayoḥ) | व्यथानाम् (vyathānām) |
| locative | व्यथायाम् (vyathāyām) | व्यथयोः (vyathayoḥ) | व्यथासु (vyathāsu) |
| vocative | व्यथे (vyathe) | व्यथे (vyathe) | व्यथाः (vyathāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “व्यथा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1031.