व्यथ्

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

ৱ্যথ্ (Assamese script)
ᬯ᭄ᬬᬣ᭄ (Balinese script)
ব্যথ্ (Bengali script)
𑰪𑰿𑰧𑰞𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀯𑁆𑀬𑀣𑁆 (Brahmi script)
ဝျထ် (Burmese script)
વ્યથ્ (Gujarati script)
ਵ੍ਯਥ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌵𑍍𑌯𑌥𑍍 (Grantha script)
ꦮꦾꦡ꧀ (Javanese script)
𑂫𑂹𑂨𑂟𑂹 (Kaithi script)
ವ್ಯಥ್ (Kannada script)
វ្យថ៑ (Khmer script)
ວ຺ຍຖ຺ (Lao script)
വ്യഥ് (Malayalam script)
ᠸᠶᠠᡨ (Manchu script)
𑘪𑘿𑘧𑘞𑘿 (Modi script)
ᠸᠶ᠋ᠠᠲ (Mongolian script)
𑧊𑧠𑧇𑦾𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
𑐰𑑂𑐫𑐠𑑂 (Newa script)
ଵ୍ଯଥ୍ (Odia script)
ꢮ꣄ꢫꢢ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
𑆮𑇀𑆪𑆡𑇀 (Sharada script)
𑖪𑖿𑖧𑖞𑖿 (Siddham script)
ව්‍යථ් (Sinhalese script)
𑩾 𑪙𑩻𑩬 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
𑚦𑚶𑚣𑚚𑚶 (Takri script)
வ்யத்² (Tamil script)
వ్యథ్ (Telugu script)
วฺยถฺ (Thai script)
ཝྱ་ཐ྄ (Tibetan script)
𑒫𑓂𑒨𑒟𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
𑨭𑩇𑨪𑨚𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Related to विथुर (vithura, “staggering”) and Avestan 𐬬𐬌𐬚𐬎𐬭𐬀 (viθura, “shakeable”), with further origin unclear. The root is generally thought to be of Indo-European origin, and is traditionally compared with Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌸𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 (wiþōndans, “shaking”); however, the hapax status of the Gothic term makes this comparison difficult to analyze. Schwartz and Malkiel analyze the root as a combination of वि- (vi-) + *अथ् (*ath, “to vacillate”) and connect the root to अतिथि (atithi, “guest”), but make no claims as to the supposed origin of *अथ्.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʋjɐtʰ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ʋjɐt̪ʰ/

Root

व्यथ् • (vyath)

to tremble, waver, go astray, come to naught, fail
to fall (on the ground)
to cease, become ineffective (as poison)
to be agitated or disturbed in mind, be restless or sorrowful or unhappy
to be afraid of

Derived terms

Sanskrit terms belonging to the root व्यथ् (0 c, 2 e)

Terms derived from the Sanskrit root व्यथ् (2 c, 0 e)

Primary Verbal Forms

व्यथते (vyáthate) (Present)
व्यथिष्यते (vyathiṣyáte) (Future)
व्यथिता (vyathitā́) (Periphrastic Future)
अव्यथिष्ट (ávyathiṣṭa) (Aorist)
विव्यथे (vivyáthe) (Perfect)

Secondary Forms

व्यथ्यते (vyathyáte) (Passive)
अव्याथि (ávyāthi) (Passive Aorist)
व्यथयति (vyatháyati) (Causative)
अविव्यथत् (ávivyathat) (Causative Aorist)
विव्यथिषति (vivyathiṣati) (Desiderative)
वाव्यथ्यते (vāvyathyate) (Intensive)

Non-Finite Forms

व्यथित (vyathitá) (Past Participle)
व्यथितुम् (vyathitum) (Infinitive)
व्यथित्वा (vyathitvā́) (Gerund)

Derived Nominal Forms

व्यथा (vyathā)
व्यथक (vyathaka)
व्यथ्य (vyathya)
व्यथन (vyathana)
व्यथि (vyáthi)
व्यथिस् (vyáthis)
व्याथ (vyātha)
विथुर (vithurá)
व्यथयितृ (vyathayitṛ)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “व्यथ्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1031/1.
William Dwight Whitney (1885) The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 166

Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 591