व्यवहार
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit व्यवहार (vyavahāra).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /ʋjəʋ.ɦɑːɾ/, [ʋjɐʋ.ɦäːɾ]
Noun
व्यवहार • (vyavhār) m (Urdu spelling ويوہار)
- behavior, treatment
- हमें उनके संतोषजनक व्यवहार के बारे में कोई उलहना नहीं है।
- hamẽ unke santoṣajnak vyavhār ke bāre mẽ koī ulahnā nahī̃ hai.
- We have no complaint about their satisfactory behavior.
- सेवकों और बच्चों से अच्छा व्यवहार करना चाहिए।
- sevkõ aur baccõ se acchā vyavhār karnā cāhie.
- Servants and children should be treated well.
- dealings
- हमारा उनसे किसी तरह का व्यवहार नहीं है।
- hamārā unse kisī tarah kā vyavhār nahī̃ hai.
- We have no dealings of any kind with them.
- usage
- यदि तुम इतना बुद्धिमान हो, तो अपनी बुद्धि को व्यवहार में लाओ!
- yadi tum itnā buddhimān ho, to apnī buddhi ko vyavhār mẽ lāo!
- If you are so smart, put your intelligence to use!
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | व्यवहार vyavhār |
व्यवहार vyavhār |
| oblique | व्यवहार vyavhār |
व्यवहारों vyavhārõ |
| vocative | व्यवहार vyavhār |
व्यवहारो vyavhāro |
Synonyms
References
- Bahri, Hardev (1989) “व्यवहार”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
Marathi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit व्यवहार (vyavahāra).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʋjə.ʋʱaɾ/
Noun
व्यवहार • (vyavhār) m
Declension
| Declension of व्यवहार (masc cons-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
व्यवहार vyavhār | ||
| direct plural |
व्यवहार vyavhār | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
व्यवहार vyavhār |
व्यवहार vyavhār | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
व्यवहारा vyavhārā |
व्यवहारां- vyavhārān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
व्यवहाराला vyavhārālā |
व्यवहारांना vyavhārānnā | |
| ergative | व्यवहाराने, व्यवहारानं vyavhārāne, vyavhārāna |
व्यवहारांनी vyavhārānnī | |
| instrumental | व्यवहाराशी vyavhārāśī |
व्यवहारांशी vyavhārānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
व्यवहारात vyavhārāt |
व्यवहारांत vyavhārāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
व्यवहारा vyavhārā |
व्यवहारांनो vyavhārānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of व्यवहार (masc cons-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
व्यवहाराचा vyavhārāċā |
व्यवहाराचे vyavhārāċe |
व्यवहाराची vyavhārācī |
व्यवहाराच्या vyavhārācā |
व्यवहाराचे, व्यवहाराचं vyavhārāċe, vyavhārāċa |
व्यवहाराची vyavhārācī |
व्यवहाराच्या vyavhārācā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
व्यवहारांचा vyavhārānċā |
व्यवहारांचे vyavhārānċe |
व्यवहारांची vyavhārāñcī |
व्यवहारांच्या vyavhārāncā |
व्यवहारांचे, व्यवहारांचं vyavhārānċe, vyavhārānċa |
व्यवहारांची vyavhārāñcī |
व्यवहारांच्या vyavhārāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
Derived terms
- गैरव्यवहार (gairavyavhār, “malfeasance”)
- व्यावहारिक (vyāvhārik)
References
- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “व्यवहार”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “व्यवहार”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
- Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “व्यवहार”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
- दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “व्यवहार”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ)
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ৱ্যৱহাৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬯ᭄ᬬᬯᬳᬵᬭ (Balinese script)
- ব্যবহার (Bengali script)
- 𑰪𑰿𑰧𑰪𑰮𑰯𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀯𑁆𑀬𑀯𑀳𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- ဝျဝဟာရ (Burmese script)
- વ્યવહાર (Gujarati script)
- ਵ੍ਯਵਹਾਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌵𑍍𑌯𑌵𑌹𑌾𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦮꦾꦮꦲꦴꦫ (Javanese script)
- 𑂫𑂹𑂨𑂫𑂯𑂰𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ವ್ಯವಹಾರ (Kannada script)
- វ្យវហារ (Khmer script)
- ວ຺ຍວຫາຣ (Lao script)
- വ്യവഹാര (Malayalam script)
- ᠸᠶᠠᠸᠠᡥᠠ᠊ᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘪𑘿𑘧𑘪𑘮𑘰𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᠸᠶ᠋ᠠᠸᠠᠾᠠᢗᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧊𑧠𑧇𑧊𑧎𑧑𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐰𑑂𑐫𑐰𑐴𑐵𑐬 (Newa script)
- ଵ୍ଯଵହାର (Odia script)
- ꢮ꣄ꢫꢮꢲꢵꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆮𑇀𑆪𑆮𑆲𑆳𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖪𑖿𑖧𑖪𑖮𑖯𑖨 (Siddham script)
- ව්යවහාර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩾 𑪙𑩻𑩾𑪂𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚦𑚶𑚣𑚦𑚩𑚭𑚤 (Takri script)
- வ்யவஹார (Tamil script)
- వ్యవహార (Telugu script)
- วฺยวหาร (Thai script)
- ཝྱ་ཝ་ཧཱ་ར (Tibetan script)
- 𑒫𑓂𑒨𑒫𑒯𑒰𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨭𑩇𑨪𑨭𑨱𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From वि- (vi-) + -अव- (-ava-) + √हृ (√hṛ, “to take; to carry”, root) + -अ (-a, nominalization suffix) with vṛddhi of the root.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ʋjɐ.ʋɐ.ɦɑː.ɾɐ/
Noun
व्यवहार • (vyavahāra) stem, m
- doing; conduct; behaviour
- dealing; business; trade; transaction
- custom; common or established practice; wont
- c. 150 CE – 250 CE, Nāgārjuna, Mūlamadhyamakakārikā 24.10:
- व्यवहारम् अनाश्रित्य परमार्थो न देश्यते ।
- vyavahāram anāśritya paramārtho na deśyate.
- Having no recourse to common practice, the highest truth cannot be made clear.
- व्यवहारम् अनाश्रित्य परमार्थो न देश्यते ।
- affair; matter
- usage (of an expression)
- legal procedure; litigation
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | व्यवहारः (vyavahāraḥ) | व्यवहारौ (vyavahārau) व्यवहारा¹ (vyavahārā¹) |
व्यवहाराः (vyavahārāḥ) व्यवहारासः¹ (vyavahārāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | व्यवहारम् (vyavahāram) | व्यवहारौ (vyavahārau) व्यवहारा¹ (vyavahārā¹) |
व्यवहारान् (vyavahārān) |
| instrumental | व्यवहारेण (vyavahāreṇa) | व्यवहाराभ्याम् (vyavahārābhyām) | व्यवहारैः (vyavahāraiḥ) व्यवहारेभिः¹ (vyavahārebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | व्यवहाराय (vyavahārāya) | व्यवहाराभ्याम् (vyavahārābhyām) | व्यवहारेभ्यः (vyavahārebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | व्यवहारात् (vyavahārāt) | व्यवहाराभ्याम् (vyavahārābhyām) | व्यवहारेभ्यः (vyavahārebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | व्यवहारस्य (vyavahārasya) | व्यवहारयोः (vyavahārayoḥ) | व्यवहाराणाम् (vyavahārāṇām) |
| locative | व्यवहारे (vyavahāre) | व्यवहारयोः (vyavahārayoḥ) | व्यवहारेषु (vyavahāreṣu) |
| vocative | व्यवहार (vyavahāra) | व्यवहारौ (vyavahārau) व्यवहारा¹ (vyavahārā¹) |
व्यवहाराः (vyavahārāḥ) व्यवहारासः¹ (vyavahārāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
References
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “व्यवहारः”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
- Monier Williams (1899) “Vy-avahāra”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1034/1.