शाक

See also: शक

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शाक (śāka). Doublet of साग (sāg).

Pronunciation

(Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʃɑːk/, [ʃäːk]

Noun

शाक • (śāk) m

vegetable
Synonyms: सब्ज़ी (sabzī), साग (sāg), भाजी (bhājī)
herb

Declension

Declension of *शाक* (masc cons-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	शाक śāk	शाक śāk
oblique	शाक śāk	शाकों śākõ
vocative	शाक śāk	शाको śāko

Related terms

शाकाहारी (śākāhārī)

References

McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “शाक”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

শাক (Assamese script)
ᬰᬵᬓ (Balinese script)
শাক (Bengali script)
𑰫𑰯𑰎 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀰𑀸𑀓 (Brahmi script)
ၐာက (Burmese script)
શાક (Gujarati script)
ਸ਼ਾਕ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌶𑌾𑌕 (Grantha script)
ꦯꦴꦏ (Javanese script)
𑂬𑂰𑂍 (Kaithi script)
ಶಾಕ (Kannada script)
ឝាក (Khmer script)
ຨາກ (Lao script)
ശാക (Malayalam script)
ᡧᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡬᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘫𑘰𑘎 (Modi script)
ᠱᠠᢗᢉᠠ (Mongolian script)
𑧋𑧑𑦮 (Nandinagari script)
𑐱𑐵𑐎 (Newa script)
ଶାକ (Odia script)
ꢯꢵꢒ (Saurashtra script)
𑆯𑆳𑆑 (Sharada script)
𑖫𑖯𑖎 (Siddham script)
ශාක (Sinhalese script)
𑩿𑩛𑩜 (Soyombo script)
𑚧𑚭𑚊 (Takri script)
ஶாக (Tamil script)
శాక (Telugu script)
ศาก (Thai script)
ཤཱ་ཀ (Tibetan script)
𑒬𑒰𑒏 (Tirhuta script)
𑨮𑨊𑨋 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɑː.kɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɕɑː.kɐ/

Etymology 1

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *ḱēko- / *ḱeHko-; compare Lithuanian šėkas (“freshly cut green fodder”), Latvian sệks (“freshly mown fodder grass”), Old Norse há (“aftergrass”), Hittite [script needed] (kikla-, “herb”).

Noun

शाक • (śāka) stem, m or n

a vegetable, greens, any vegetable food
a herb, potherb

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of शाक
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	शाकः (śākaḥ)	शाकौ (śākau) शाका¹ (śākā¹)	शाकाः (śākāḥ) शाकासः¹ (śākāsaḥ¹)
accusative	शाकम् (śākam)	शाकौ (śākau) शाका¹ (śākā¹)	शाकान् (śākān)
instrumental	शाकेन (śākena)	शाकाभ्याम् (śākābhyām)	शाकैः (śākaiḥ) शाकेभिः¹ (śākebhiḥ¹)
dative	शाकाय (śākāya)	शाकाभ्याम् (śākābhyām)	शाकेभ्यः (śākebhyaḥ)
ablative	शाकात् (śākāt)	शाकाभ्याम् (śākābhyām)	शाकेभ्यः (śākebhyaḥ)
genitive	शाकस्य (śākasya)	शाकयोः (śākayoḥ)	शाकानाम् (śākānām)
locative	शाके (śāke)	शाकयोः (śākayoḥ)	शाकेषु (śākeṣu)
vocative	शाक (śāka)	शाकौ (śākau) शाका¹ (śākā¹)	शाकाः (śākāḥ) शाकासः¹ (śākāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Neuter a-stem declension of शाक
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	शाकम् (śākam)	शाके (śāke)	शाकानि (śākāni) शाका¹ (śākā¹)
accusative	शाकम् (śākam)	शाके (śāke)	शाकानि (śākāni) शाका¹ (śākā¹)
instrumental	शाकेन (śākena)	शाकाभ्याम् (śākābhyām)	शाकैः (śākaiḥ) शाकेभिः¹ (śākebhiḥ¹)
dative	शाकाय (śākāya)	शाकाभ्याम् (śākābhyām)	शाकेभ्यः (śākebhyaḥ)
ablative	शाकात् (śākāt)	शाकाभ्याम् (śākābhyām)	शाकेभ्यः (śākebhyaḥ)
genitive	शाकस्य (śākasya)	शाकयोः (śākayoḥ)	शाकानाम् (śākānām)
locative	शाके (śāke)	शाकयोः (śākayoḥ)	शाकेषु (śākeṣu)
vocative	शाक (śāka)	शाके (śāke)	शाकानि (śākāni) शाका¹ (śākā¹)

¹Vedic

Derived terms

शाकाहार (śākāhāra)
शाकाहारिन् (śākāhārin)

Descendants

Assamese: শাক (xak)
Bengali: শাক (śak)
Hindi: साग (sāg)
Nepali: साग (sāg)
Odia: ଶାକ (śāka)
Pali: sāka
Pashto: ساګ (sāg)
Punjabi: ਸਾਗ (sāg)
Sindhi: ساڳُہ
→ Tamil: சாகம் (cākam)
→ Telugu: శాకము (śākamu)

Etymology 2

Probably borrowed from Dravidian; compare Tamil தேக்கு (tēkku), Malayalam തേക്ക് (tēkkŭ), and Telugu టేకు (ṭēku).

Noun

शाक • (śāka) stem, m

the teak tree, Tectona grandis

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of शाक
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	शाकः (śākaḥ)	शाकौ (śākau) शाका¹ (śākā¹)	शाकाः (śākāḥ) शाकासः¹ (śākāsaḥ¹)
accusative	शाकम् (śākam)	शाकौ (śākau) शाका¹ (śākā¹)	शाकान् (śākān)
instrumental	शाकेन (śākena)	शाकाभ्याम् (śākābhyām)	शाकैः (śākaiḥ) शाकेभिः¹ (śākebhiḥ¹)
dative	शाकाय (śākāya)	शाकाभ्याम् (śākābhyām)	शाकेभ्यः (śākebhyaḥ)
ablative	शाकात् (śākāt)	शाकाभ्याम् (śākābhyām)	शाकेभ्यः (śākebhyaḥ)
genitive	शाकस्य (śākasya)	शाकयोः (śākayoḥ)	शाकानाम् (śākānām)
locative	शाके (śāke)	शाकयोः (śākayoḥ)	शाकेषु (śākeṣu)
vocative	शाक (śāka)	शाकौ (śākau) शाका¹ (śākā¹)	शाकाः (śākāḥ) शाकासः¹ (śākāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Etymology 3

From शक् (śak, “to be able”).

Noun

शाक • (śāka) stem, m

power, might, help, aid
helpful, a helper, friend

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of शाक
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	शाकः (śākaḥ)	शाकौ (śākau) शाका¹ (śākā¹)	शाकाः (śākāḥ) शाकासः¹ (śākāsaḥ¹)
accusative	शाकम् (śākam)	शाकौ (śākau) शाका¹ (śākā¹)	शाकान् (śākān)
instrumental	शाकेन (śākena)	शाकाभ्याम् (śākābhyām)	शाकैः (śākaiḥ) शाकेभिः¹ (śākebhiḥ¹)
dative	शाकाय (śākāya)	शाकाभ्याम् (śākābhyām)	शाकेभ्यः (śākebhyaḥ)
ablative	शाकात् (śākāt)	शाकाभ्याम् (śākābhyām)	शाकेभ्यः (śākebhyaḥ)
genitive	शाकस्य (śākasya)	शाकयोः (śākayoḥ)	शाकानाम् (śākānām)
locative	शाके (śāke)	शाकयोः (śākayoḥ)	शाकेषु (śākeṣu)
vocative	शाक (śāka)	शाकौ (śākau) शाका¹ (śākā¹)	शाकाः (śākāḥ) शाकासः¹ (śākāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Etymology 4

Proper noun

शाक • (śāka) stem, m

alternative form of शक (śaka, “the Saka people; related to the Shaka era”)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of शाक
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	शाकः (śākaḥ)	शाकौ (śākau) शाका¹ (śākā¹)	शाकाः (śākāḥ) शाकासः¹ (śākāsaḥ¹)
accusative	शाकम् (śākam)	शाकौ (śākau) शाका¹ (śākā¹)	शाकान् (śākān)
instrumental	शाकेन (śākena)	शाकाभ्याम् (śākābhyām)	शाकैः (śākaiḥ) शाकेभिः¹ (śākebhiḥ¹)
dative	शाकाय (śākāya)	शाकाभ्याम् (śākābhyām)	शाकेभ्यः (śākebhyaḥ)
ablative	शाकात् (śākāt)	शाकाभ्याम् (śākābhyām)	शाकेभ्यः (śākebhyaḥ)
genitive	शाकस्य (śākasya)	शाकयोः (śākayoḥ)	शाकानाम् (śākānām)
locative	शाके (śāke)	शाकयोः (śākayoḥ)	शाकेषु (śākeṣu)
vocative	शाक (śāka)	शाकौ (śākau) शाका¹ (śākā¹)	शाकाः (śākāḥ) शाकासः¹ (śākāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

References

Monier Williams (1899) “शाक”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 1061/2-3.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 628
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎^[2] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 320-321