शृङ्खल
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
- शृङ्खला (śṛṅkhalā)
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- শৃঙ্খল (Assamese script)
- ᬰᬺᬗ᭄ᬔᬮ (Balinese script)
- শৃঙ্খল (Bengali script)
- 𑰫𑰴𑰒𑰿𑰏𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀰𑀾𑀗𑁆𑀔𑀮 (Brahmi script)
- ၐၖင်္ခလ (Burmese script)
- શૃઙ્ખલ (Gujarati script)
- ਸ਼੍ਰਙ੍ਖਲ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌶𑍃𑌙𑍍𑌖𑌲 (Grantha script)
- ꦯꦽꦔ꧀ꦑꦭ (Javanese script)
- 𑂬𑃂𑂑𑂹𑂎𑂪 (Kaithi script)
- ಶೃಙ್ಖಲ (Kannada script)
- ឝ្ឫង្ខល (Khmer script)
- ຨ຺ຣິງ຺ຂລ (Lao script)
- ശൃങ്ഖല (Malayalam script)
- ᡧᡵᡳᢛᡘᠠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘫𑘵𑘒𑘿𑘏𑘩 (Modi script)
- ᠱᠷᠢᢊᠻᠠᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧋𑧖𑦲𑧠𑦯𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐱𑐺𑐒𑑂𑐏𑐮 (Newa script)
- ଶୃଙ୍ଖଲ (Odia script)
- ꢯꢺꢖ꣄ꢓꢭ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆯𑆸𑆕𑇀𑆒𑆬 (Sharada script)
- 𑖫𑖴𑖒𑖿𑖏𑖩 (Siddham script)
- ශෘඞ්ඛල (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩿𑩙𑩠 𑪙𑩝𑩽 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚧𑚎𑚶𑚋𑚥 (Takri script)
- ஶ்ரிங்க²ல (Tamil script)
- శృఙ్ఖల (Telugu script)
- ศฺฤงฺขล (Thai script)
- ཤྲྀ་ངྑ་ལ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒬𑒵𑒓𑓂𑒐𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨮𑨼𑨉𑨏𑩇𑨌𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
The first component is ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱer- (“to plait; rope”). Compare Ancient Greek καῖρος (kaîros, “ravel”), Old Armenian սարդ (sard, “spider”), սարիք (sarikʻ, “sling, rope”), and Albanian thur (“to plait, knit”).[1]
The second component, खल (khala) is of unknown origin, though is likely related to the latter two syllables of मेखला (mekhalā, “belt, girdle”).[2] Given the semantics, the second part of the compound may refer to iron; cf. खरपात्र (kharapātra, “iron pot”), खरसोनि (kharasoni, “iron vessel”), खरालिक (kharālika, “iron arrow”), प्रखर (prakhara, “iron armor”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɕr̩ŋ.kʰɐ.lɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɕr̩ŋ.kʰɐ.l̪ɐ/
Noun
शृङ्खल • (śṛṅkhala) stem, m
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | शृङ्खलः (śṛṅkhalaḥ) | शृङ्खलौ (śṛṅkhalau) शृङ्खला¹ (śṛṅkhalā¹) |
शृङ्खलाः (śṛṅkhalāḥ) शृङ्खलासः¹ (śṛṅkhalāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | शृङ्खलम् (śṛṅkhalam) | शृङ्खलौ (śṛṅkhalau) शृङ्खला¹ (śṛṅkhalā¹) |
शृङ्खलान् (śṛṅkhalān) |
| instrumental | शृङ्खलेन (śṛṅkhalena) | शृङ्खलाभ्याम् (śṛṅkhalābhyām) | शृङ्खलैः (śṛṅkhalaiḥ) शृङ्खलेभिः¹ (śṛṅkhalebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | शृङ्खलाय (śṛṅkhalāya) | शृङ्खलाभ्याम् (śṛṅkhalābhyām) | शृङ्खलेभ्यः (śṛṅkhalebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | शृङ्खलात् (śṛṅkhalāt) | शृङ्खलाभ्याम् (śṛṅkhalābhyām) | शृङ्खलेभ्यः (śṛṅkhalebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | शृङ्खलस्य (śṛṅkhalasya) | शृङ्खलयोः (śṛṅkhalayoḥ) | शृङ्खलानाम् (śṛṅkhalānām) |
| locative | शृङ्खले (śṛṅkhale) | शृङ्खलयोः (śṛṅkhalayoḥ) | शृङ्खलेषु (śṛṅkhaleṣu) |
| vocative | शृङ्खल (śṛṅkhala) | शृङ्खलौ (śṛṅkhalau) शृङ्खला¹ (śṛṅkhalā¹) |
शृङ्खलाः (śṛṅkhalāḥ) शृङ्खलासः¹ (śṛṅkhalāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Magadhi Prakrit:
- Bengali: শিকল (śikol)
- Assamese: শিকলি (xikoli)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀗𑁆𑀓𑀮𑀻 (saṅkalī)
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀁𑀓𑀮 (saṃkala)
- → Old Javanese: saṅkala
- → Malay: sengkela
- → Malayalam: ശൃംഖല (śr̥ṅkhala), ചങ്ങല (caṅṅala)
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) “śṛṅkhalā”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary][1] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 368
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “śṛṅkhalā”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 652
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899) “शृङ्खल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1087, column 1.