श्वाविध्
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit श्वाविध् (śvāvídh). Doublet of साही (sāhī).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /ʃʋɑː.ʋɪd̪ʱ/, [ʃʋäː.ʋɪd̪ʱ]
Noun
श्वाविध् • (śvāvidh) m
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | श्वाविध् śvāvidh |
श्वाविध् śvāvidh |
| oblique | श्वाविध् śvāvidh |
श्वाविधों śvāvidhõ |
| vocative | श्वाविध् śvāvidh |
श्वाविधो śvāvidho |
Further reading
- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “श्वाविध्”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- শ্বাৱিধ্ (Assamese script)
- ᬰ᭄ᬯᬵᬯᬶᬥ᭄ (Balinese script)
- শ্বাবিধ্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰫𑰿𑰪𑰯𑰪𑰰𑰠𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀰𑁆𑀯𑀸𑀯𑀺𑀥𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- ၐွာဝိဓ် (Burmese script)
- શ્વાવિધ્ (Gujarati script)
- ਸ਼੍ਵਾਵਿਧ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌶𑍍𑌵𑌾𑌵𑌿𑌧𑍍 (Grantha script)
- ꦯ꧀ꦮꦴꦮꦶꦣ꧀ (Javanese script)
- 𑂬𑂹𑂫𑂰𑂫𑂱𑂡𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- ಶ್ವಾವಿಧ್ (Kannada script)
- ឝ្វាវិធ៑ (Khmer script)
- ຨ຺ວາວິຘ຺ (Lao script)
- ശ്വാവിധ് (Malayalam script)
- ᡧᠣᠸᠠ᠊ᠠᠸᡳᢡ (Manchu script)
- 𑘫𑘿𑘪𑘰𑘪𑘱𑘠𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᠱᢦᠠᠸᠢᢑᠾ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧋𑧠𑧊𑧑𑧊𑧒𑧀𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐱𑑂𑐰𑐵𑐰𑐶𑐢𑑂 (Newa script)
- ଶ୍ଵାଵିଧ୍ (Odia script)
- ꢯ꣄ꢮꢵꢮꢶꢤ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆯𑇀𑆮𑆳𑆮𑆴𑆣𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖫𑖿𑖪𑖯𑖪𑖰𑖠𑖿 (Siddham script)
- ශ්වාවිධ් (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩿 𑪙𑩾𑩛𑩾𑩑𑩮 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚧𑚶𑚦𑚭𑚦𑚮𑚜𑚶 (Takri script)
- ஶ்வாவித்⁴ (Tamil script)
- శ్వావిధ్ (Telugu script)
- ศฺวาวิธฺ (Thai script)
- ཤྭཱ་ཝི་དྷ྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒬𑓂𑒫𑒰𑒫𑒱𑒡𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨮𑩇𑨭𑨊𑨭𑨁𑨜𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śwaHwídʰ-, from *śwá (“dog”) + *Hwídʰ- (“piercing, perforating, wounding”), from the zero grades of Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ (“dog”) and *h₁weydʰh₁- respectively. Literally "dog-piercer". See also व्यध् (vyadh, “to pierce, hurt”, root). The constituent components are श्वन् (śvan, “dog”) + व्यध् (vyadh, “to pierce”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɕʋɑː.ʋídʱ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɕʋɑː.ʋid̪ʱ/
Noun
श्वाविध् • (śvāvídh) stem, m
- a porcupine
- c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 5.13.9:
- कर्णा श्वावित् तद् अब्रवीद् गिरेर् अवचरन्तिका ।
याः काश् चेमाः खनित्रिमास् तासाम् अरसतमं विषम् ॥- karṇā śvāvit tad abravīd girer avacarantikā.
yāḥ kāś cemāḥ khanitrimās tāsām arasatamaṃ viṣam. - Dwelling beside the mountain's slope, the quick-eared porcupine exclaimed:
The poison which is in all these she-snakes homed in earth is most powerless.
- karṇā śvāvit tad abravīd girer avacarantikā.
- कर्णा श्वावित् तद् अब्रवीद् गिरेर् अवचरन्तिका ।
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | श्वावित् (śvāvít) | श्वाविधौ (śvāvídhau) श्वाविधा¹ (śvāvídhā¹) |
श्वाविधः (śvāvídhaḥ) |
| accusative | श्वाविधम् (śvāvídham) | श्वाविधौ (śvāvídhau) श्वाविधा¹ (śvāvídhā¹) |
श्वाविधः (śvāvídhaḥ) |
| instrumental | श्वाविधा (śvāvídhā) | श्वाविद्भ्याम् (śvāvídbhyām) | श्वाविद्भिः (śvāvídbhiḥ) |
| dative | श्वाविधे (śvāvídhe) | श्वाविद्भ्याम् (śvāvídbhyām) | श्वाविद्भ्यः (śvāvídbhyaḥ) |
| ablative | श्वाविधः (śvāvídhaḥ) | श्वाविद्भ्याम् (śvāvídbhyām) | श्वाविद्भ्यः (śvāvídbhyaḥ) |
| genitive | श्वाविधः (śvāvídhaḥ) | श्वाविधोः (śvāvídhoḥ) | श्वाविधाम् (śvāvídhām) |
| locative | श्वाविधि (śvāvídhi) | श्वाविधोः (śvāvídhoḥ) | श्वावित्सु (śvāvítsu) |
| vocative | श्वावित् (śvā́vit) | श्वाविधौ (śvā́vidhau) श्वाविधा¹ (śvā́vidhā¹) |
श्वाविधः (śvā́vidhaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
- श्वाविच्छरण (śvāviccharaṇa, “porcupine's lair”)
- श्वाविच्छललित (śvāvicchalalita, “furnished with porcupine quills”)
- श्वाविद्गर्त (śvāvidgarta, “porcupine's lair”)
- श्वाविद्रोमन् (śvāvidroman, “quill of a porcupine”)
- श्वाविल्लोमन् (śvāvilloman, “quill of a porcupine”)
Descendants
- Dardic:
- Pali: sāmi
- Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀯𑀺𑀳 (sāviha)
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899) “श्वाविध्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1105, column 2.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “श्वाविध्”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “śvāvídh”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “śvāvídh-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 678