Egyptian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Verb
3-lit.
- (transitive) to break apart [Pyramid Texts and Coffin Texts]
Inflection
Conjugation of ḥsb (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḥsb, geminated stem: ḥsbb
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
ḥsb
|
ḥsbw, ḥsb
|
ḥsbt
|
ḥsb
|
ḥsb
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
ḥsb
|
ḥr ḥsb
|
m ḥsb
|
r ḥsb
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
ḥsb.n
|
ḥsbw, ḥsb
|
consecutive
|
ḥsb.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
ḥsbt
|
| perfective3
|
ḥsb
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
ḥsb.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
ḥsb
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
ḥsb
|
ḥsbb
|
potentialis1
|
ḥsb.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
ḥsb
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
ḥsb.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
ḥsb
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
ḥsb
|
ḥsb, ḥsbw5, ḥsby5
|
| imperfective
|
ḥsb, ḥsby, ḥsbw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
ḥsb, ḥsbj6, ḥsby6
|
ḥsb, ḥsbw5
|
| prospective
|
ḥsb, ḥsbtj7
|
—
|
ḥsbtj4, ḥsbt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥsb
Noun
m
- (medicine) bone fracture
Inflection
Declension of ḥsb (masculine)
| singular
|
ḥsb
|
| dual
|
ḥsbwj
|
| plural
|
ḥsbw
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥsb
|
|
|
| ḥsb
|
ḥsb
|
| abbreviation
|
abbreviation
|
Noun
m
- a quarter, one fourth (in general)
- one quarter of a sṯꜣt (“aroura”) (equivalent to about 0.07 hectares)
Inflection
Declension of ḥsb (masculine)
| singular
|
ḥsb
|
| dual
|
ḥsbwj
|
| plural
|
ḥsbw
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥsb
|
|
|
| ḥsp
|
ḥsp
|
| [Greco-Roman Period]
|
[Greco-Roman Period]
|
Etymology 2
Compare Arabic حَسَبَ (ḥasaba, “to calculate, to count”), Hebrew חָשַׁב (ḥāšaḇ, “to think”), and Classical Syriac ܚܫܒ (“to think, to count, to calculate”). Alternatively identical in origin to the above word (‘to break apart’, etc.) by metaphorical extension; see the usage note below.
Verb
3-lit.
- (transitive or rarely intransitive) to determine the number of (something); to count or calculate, to reckon
- (transitive) to enumerate, to count out in series
- (transitive) to reckon with or settle up with (an offender) by inflicting punishment; to get even with, to exact merited retribution on
- (transitive) to pay back or punish (an evil deed)
- (transitive, usually negated) to value, to care something for, to esteem (something)
Usage notes
It has been hypothesized that the calculation operations represented by ḥsb are distinct from those represented by jp in that ḥsb prototypically expresses reckoning by means of repeatedly breaking into halves, while jp prototypically expresses reckoning by means of counting operations.[1]
Inflection
Conjugation of ḥsb (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḥsb, geminated stem: ḥsbb
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
ḥsb
|
ḥsbw, ḥsb
|
ḥsbt
|
ḥsb
|
ḥsb
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
ḥsb
|
ḥr ḥsb
|
m ḥsb
|
r ḥsb
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
ḥsb.n
|
ḥsbw, ḥsb
|
consecutive
|
ḥsb.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
ḥsbt
|
| perfective3
|
ḥsb
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
ḥsb.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
ḥsb
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
ḥsb
|
ḥsbb
|
potentialis1
|
ḥsb.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
ḥsb
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
ḥsb.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
ḥsb
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
ḥsb
|
ḥsb, ḥsbw5, ḥsby5
|
| imperfective
|
ḥsb, ḥsby, ḥsbw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
ḥsb, ḥsbj6, ḥsby6
|
ḥsb, ḥsbw5
|
| prospective
|
ḥsb, ḥsbtj7
|
—
|
ḥsbtj4, ḥsbt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥsb
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ḥsb
|
ḥsb
|
ḥsb
|
ḥsb
|
ḥsb
|
| [Old Kingdom]
|
[Middle Kingdom]
|
[Middle Kingdom]
|
[since the Middle Kingdom]
|
[since the Middle Kingdom]
|
|
|
|
|
abbreviation
|
abbreviation
|
Derived terms
References
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[1], volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 166.6–167.15
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 177–178
- Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, pages 3, 157
- Palma, Helena Lopez (2015) “Egyptian Fractional Numerals: The grammar of Egyptian NPs and statements with fractional number expressions” in Lingua Aegyptia, volume 23, pages 197–228
- ^ Palma, Helena Lopez (2015) “Egyptian Fractional Numerals: The grammar of Egyptian NPs and statements with fractional number expressions” in Lingua Aegyptia, volume 23, page 199, note 4