ḥtm

See also: ḫtm

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Verb

 3-lit.

  1. (transitive) to provide or supply (a person, place, or body part) (+ m: with (something))
  2. (reflexive, with second object following m) to take to oneself, to take up
  3. (transitive) to round out, to complete

Inflection

Conjugation of ḥtm (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḥtm, geminated stem: ḥtmm
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
ḥtm
 ḥtmw, ḥtm
 ḥtmt
 ḥtm
 ḥtm
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
ḥtm
 ḥr ḥtm
 m ḥtm
 r ḥtm
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect ḥtm.n
 ḥtmw, ḥtm
 consecutive ḥtm.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative ḥtmt
perfective3 ḥtm
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 ḥtm.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective ḥtm
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 ḥtm
 ḥtmm
 potentialis1 ḥtm.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive ḥtm
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect ḥtm.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective ḥtm
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ḥtm
 ḥtm, ḥtmw5, ḥtmy5
imperfective ḥtm, ḥtmy, ḥtmw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ḥtm, ḥtmj6, ḥtmy6
 ḥtm, ḥtmw5
prospective ḥtm, ḥtmtj7
 — ḥtmtj4, ḥtmt4

1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥtm  


ḥtm ḥtm ḥtm
[Old Kingdom]

Verb

 3-lit.

  1. (intransitive, of people, bodies, and names) to perish, to be destroyed
  2. (intransitive, of hearts) to lose all courage
  3. (transitive) to annihilate, to destroy, to eradicate (people, uncleanness, names, lies, etc.)
  4. (transitive) to quench (thirst)
  5. (transitive, figuratively) to silence (mouths)

Inflection

Conjugation of ḥtm (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḥtm, geminated stem: ḥtmm
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
ḥtm
 ḥtmw, ḥtm
 ḥtmt
 ḥtm
 ḥtm
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
ḥtm
 ḥr ḥtm
 m ḥtm
 r ḥtm
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect ḥtm.n
 ḥtmw, ḥtm
 consecutive ḥtm.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative ḥtmt
perfective3 ḥtm
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 ḥtm.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective ḥtm
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 ḥtm
 ḥtmm
 potentialis1 ḥtm.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive ḥtm
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect ḥtm.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective ḥtm
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ḥtm
 ḥtm, ḥtmw5, ḥtmy5
imperfective ḥtm, ḥtmy, ḥtmw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ḥtm, ḥtmj6, ḥtmy6
 ḥtm, ḥtmw5
prospective ḥtm, ḥtmtj7
 — ḥtmtj4, ḥtmt4

1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥtm  


ḥtm ḥtm ḥtm
from the Book of the Dead of Iuefankh

Derived terms

References

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