ἀλέω
Ancient Greek
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /a.lé.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /aˈle.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /aˈle.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /aˈle.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /aˈle.o/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂elh₁- (“to grind”). Cognate with Old Armenian աղամ (ałam, “grind, pound”), Hindi आटा (āṭā, “flour”), Avestan 𐬀𐬴𐬀 (aṣ̌a, “ground”), Persian آرد (ârd, “flour”).[1]
Verb
ἀλέω • (aléō)
Inflection
Present: ᾰ̓λέω, ᾰ̓λέομαι (Uncontracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ᾰ̓λέω | ᾰ̓λέεις | ᾰ̓λέει | ᾰ̓λέετον | ᾰ̓λέετον | ᾰ̓λέομεν | ᾰ̓λέετε | ᾰ̓λέουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | ᾰ̓λέω | ᾰ̓λέῃς | ᾰ̓λέῃ | ᾰ̓λέητον | ᾰ̓λέητον | ᾰ̓λέωμεν | ᾰ̓λέητε | ᾰ̓λέωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ᾰ̓λέοιμῐ | ᾰ̓λέοις | ᾰ̓λέοι | ᾰ̓λέοιτον | ᾰ̓λεοίτην | ᾰ̓λέοιμεν | ᾰ̓λέοιτε | ᾰ̓λέοιεν | |||||
| imperative | ᾰ̓́λεε | ᾰ̓λεέτω | ᾰ̓λέετον | ᾰ̓λεέτων | ᾰ̓λέετε | ᾰ̓λεόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ᾰ̓λέομαι | ᾰ̓λέῃ / ᾰ̓λέει | ᾰ̓λέεται | ᾰ̓λέεσθον | ᾰ̓λέεσθον | ᾰ̓λεόμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λέεσθε | ᾰ̓λέονται | ||||
| subjunctive | ᾰ̓λέωμαι | ᾰ̓λέῃ | ᾰ̓λέηται | ᾰ̓λέησθον | ᾰ̓λέησθον | ᾰ̓λεώμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λέησθε | ᾰ̓λέωνται | |||||
| optative | ᾰ̓λεοίμην | ᾰ̓λέοιο | ᾰ̓λέοιτο | ᾰ̓λέοισθον | ᾰ̓λεοίσθην | ᾰ̓λεοίμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λέοισθε | ᾰ̓λέοιντο | |||||
| imperative | ᾰ̓λέου | ᾰ̓λεέσθω | ᾰ̓λέεσθον | ᾰ̓λεέσθων | ᾰ̓λέεσθε | ᾰ̓λεέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | ᾰ̓λέειν | ᾰ̓λέεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | ᾰ̓λέων | ᾰ̓λεόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | ᾰ̓λέουσᾰ | ᾰ̓λεομένη | |||||||||||
| n | ᾰ̓λέον | ᾰ̓λεόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Present: ᾰ̓λῶ, ᾰ̓λοῦμαι (Contracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ᾰ̓λῶ | ᾰ̓λεῖς | ᾰ̓λεῖ | ᾰ̓λεῖτον | ᾰ̓λεῖτον | ᾰ̓λοῦμεν | ᾰ̓λεῖτε | ᾰ̓λοῦσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | ᾰ̓λῶ | ᾰ̓λῇς | ᾰ̓λῇ | ᾰ̓λῆτον | ᾰ̓λῆτον | ᾰ̓λῶμεν | ᾰ̓λῆτε | ᾰ̓λῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ᾰ̓λοίην / ᾰ̓λοῖμῐ | ᾰ̓λοίης / ᾰ̓λοῖς | ᾰ̓λοίη / ᾰ̓λοῖ | ᾰ̓λοῖτον / ᾰ̓λοίητον | ᾰ̓λοίτην / ᾰ̓λοιήτην | ᾰ̓λοῖμεν / ᾰ̓λοίημεν | ᾰ̓λοῖτε / ᾰ̓λοίητε | ᾰ̓λοῖεν / ᾰ̓λοίησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | ᾰ̓́λει | ᾰ̓λείτω | ᾰ̓λεῖτον | ᾰ̓λείτων | ᾰ̓λεῖτε | ᾰ̓λούντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ᾰ̓λοῦμαι | ᾰ̓λεῖ, ᾰ̓λῇ |
ᾰ̓λεῖται | ᾰ̓λεῖσθον | ᾰ̓λεῖσθον | ᾰ̓λούμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λεῖσθε | ᾰ̓λοῦνται | ||||
| subjunctive | ᾰ̓λῶμαι | ᾰ̓λῇ | ᾰ̓λῆται | ᾰ̓λῆσθον | ᾰ̓λῆσθον | ᾰ̓λώμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λῆσθε | ᾰ̓λῶνται | |||||
| optative | ᾰ̓λοίμην | ᾰ̓λοῖο | ᾰ̓λοῖτο | ᾰ̓λοῖσθον | ᾰ̓λοίσθην | ᾰ̓λοίμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λοῖσθε | ᾰ̓λοῖντο | |||||
| imperative | ᾰ̓λοῦ | ᾰ̓λείσθω | ᾰ̓λεῖσθον | ᾰ̓λείσθων | ᾰ̓λεῖσθε | ᾰ̓λείσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | ᾰ̓λεῖν | ᾰ̓λεῖσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | ᾰ̓λῶν | ᾰ̓λούμενος | ||||||||||
| f | ᾰ̓λοῦσᾰ | ᾰ̓λουμένη | |||||||||||
| n | ᾰ̓λοῦν | ᾰ̓λούμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἤλεον, ἠλεόμην (Uncontracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἤλεον | ἤλεες | ἤλεε(ν) | ἠλέετον | ἠλεέτην | ἠλέομεν | ἠλέετε | ἤλεον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἠλεόμην | ἠλέου | ἠλέετο | ἠλέεσθον | ἠλεέσθην | ἠλεόμεθᾰ | ἠλέεσθε | ἠλέοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἤλουν, ἠλούμην (Contracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἤλουν | ἤλεις | ἤλει | ἠλεῖτον | ἠλείτην | ἠλοῦμεν | ἠλεῖτε | ἤλουν | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἠλούμην | ἠλοῦ | ἠλεῖτο | ἠλεῖσθον | ἠλείσθην | ἠλούμεθᾰ | ἠλεῖσθε | ἠλοῦντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἤλεσᾰ, ἠλεσᾰ́μην, ἠλέσθην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἤλεσᾰ | ἤλεσᾰς | ἤλεσε(ν) | ἠλέσᾰτον | ἠλεσᾰ́την | ἠλέσᾰμεν | ἠλέσᾰτε | ἤλεσᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | ᾰ̓λέσω | ᾰ̓λέσῃς | ᾰ̓λέσῃ | ᾰ̓λέσητον | ᾰ̓λέσητον | ᾰ̓λέσωμεν | ᾰ̓λέσητε | ᾰ̓λέσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ᾰ̓λέσαιμῐ | ᾰ̓λέσειᾰς / ᾰ̓λέσαις | ᾰ̓λέσειε(ν) / ᾰ̓λέσαι | ᾰ̓λέσαιτον | ᾰ̓λεσαίτην | ᾰ̓λέσαιμεν | ᾰ̓λέσαιτε | ᾰ̓λέσειᾰν / ᾰ̓λέσαιεν | |||||
| imperative | ᾰ̓́λεσον | ᾰ̓λεσᾰ́τω | ᾰ̓λέσᾰτον | ᾰ̓λεσᾰ́των | ᾰ̓λέσᾰτε | ᾰ̓λεσᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἠλεσᾰ́μην | ἠλέσω | ἠλέσᾰτο | ἠλέσᾰσθον | ἠλεσᾰ́σθην | ἠλεσᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἠλέσᾰσθε | ἠλέσᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | ᾰ̓λέσωμαι | ᾰ̓λέσῃ | ᾰ̓λέσηται | ᾰ̓λέσησθον | ᾰ̓λέσησθον | ᾰ̓λεσώμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λέσησθε | ᾰ̓λέσωνται | |||||
| optative | ᾰ̓λεσαίμην | ᾰ̓λέσαιο | ᾰ̓λέσαιτο | ᾰ̓λέσαισθον | ᾰ̓λεσαίσθην | ᾰ̓λεσαίμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λέσαισθε | ᾰ̓λέσαιντο | |||||
| imperative | ᾰ̓́λεσαι | ᾰ̓λεσᾰ́σθω | ᾰ̓λέσᾰσθον | ᾰ̓λεσᾰ́σθων | ᾰ̓λέσᾰσθε | ᾰ̓λεσᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | ἠλέσθην | ἠλέσθης | ἠλέσθη | ἠλέσθητον | ἠλεσθήτην | ἠλέσθημεν | ἠλέσθητε | ἠλέσθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | ᾰ̓λεσθῶ | ᾰ̓λεσθῇς | ᾰ̓λεσθῇ | ᾰ̓λεσθῆτον | ᾰ̓λεσθῆτον | ᾰ̓λεσθῶμεν | ᾰ̓λεσθῆτε | ᾰ̓λεσθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ᾰ̓λεσθείην | ᾰ̓λεσθείης | ᾰ̓λεσθείη | ᾰ̓λεσθεῖτον / ᾰ̓λεσθείητον | ᾰ̓λεσθείτην / ᾰ̓λεσθειήτην | ᾰ̓λεσθεῖμεν / ᾰ̓λεσθείημεν | ᾰ̓λεσθεῖτε / ᾰ̓λεσθείητε | ᾰ̓λεσθεῖεν / ᾰ̓λεσθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | ᾰ̓λέσθητῐ | ᾰ̓λεσθήτω | ᾰ̓λέσθητον | ᾰ̓λεσθήτων | ᾰ̓λέσθητε | ᾰ̓λεσθέντων | |||||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | ᾰ̓λέσαι | ᾰ̓λέσᾰσθαι | ᾰ̓λεσθῆναι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | ᾰ̓λέσᾱς | ᾰ̓λεσᾰ́μενος | ᾰ̓λεσθείς | |||||||||
| f | ᾰ̓λέσᾱσᾰ | ᾰ̓λεσᾰμένη | ᾰ̓λεσθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
| n | ᾰ̓λέσᾰν | ᾰ̓λεσᾰ́μενον | ᾰ̓λεσθέν | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: ᾰ̓́λεσσᾰ, ᾰ̓λεσσᾰ́μην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ᾰ̓́λεσσᾰ | ᾰ̓́λεσσᾰς | ᾰ̓́λεσσε(ν) | ᾰ̓λέσσᾰτον | ᾰ̓λεσσᾰ́την | ᾰ̓λέσσᾰμεν | ᾰ̓λέσσᾰτε | ᾰ̓́λεσσᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | ᾰ̓λέσω | ᾰ̓λέσῃς | ᾰ̓λέσῃ | ᾰ̓λέσητον | ᾰ̓λέσητον | ᾰ̓λέσωμεν | ᾰ̓λέσητε | ᾰ̓λέσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ᾰ̓λέσαιμῐ | ᾰ̓λέσειᾰς / ᾰ̓λέσαις | ᾰ̓λέσειε(ν) / ᾰ̓λέσαι | ᾰ̓λέσαιτον | ᾰ̓λεσαίτην | ᾰ̓λέσαιμεν | ᾰ̓λέσαιτε | ᾰ̓λέσειᾰν / ᾰ̓λέσαιεν | |||||
| imperative | ᾰ̓́λεσον | ᾰ̓λεσᾰ́τω | ᾰ̓λέσᾰτον | ᾰ̓λεσᾰ́των | ᾰ̓λέσᾰτε | ᾰ̓λεσᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ᾰ̓λεσσᾰ́μην | ᾰ̓λέσσω | ᾰ̓λέσσᾰτο | ᾰ̓λέσσᾰσθον | ᾰ̓λεσσᾰ́σθην | ᾰ̓λεσσᾰ́μεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λέσσᾰσθε | ᾰ̓λέσσᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | ᾰ̓λέσωμαι | ᾰ̓λέσῃ | ᾰ̓λέσηται | ᾰ̓λέσησθον | ᾰ̓λέσησθον | ᾰ̓λεσώμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λέσησθε | ᾰ̓λέσωνται | |||||
| optative | ᾰ̓λεσαίμην | ᾰ̓λέσαιο | ᾰ̓λέσαιτο | ᾰ̓λέσαισθον | ᾰ̓λεσαίσθην | ᾰ̓λεσαίμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λέσαισθε | ᾰ̓λέσαιντο | |||||
| imperative | ᾰ̓́λεσαι | ᾰ̓λεσᾰ́σθω | ᾰ̓λέσᾰσθον | ᾰ̓λεσᾰ́σθων | ᾰ̓λέσᾰσθε | ᾰ̓λεσᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| active | middle | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | ᾰ̓λέσαι | ᾰ̓λέσᾰσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | ᾰ̓λέσᾱς | ᾰ̓λεσᾰ́μενος | ||||||||||
| f | ᾰ̓λέσᾱσᾰ | ᾰ̓λεσᾰμένη | |||||||||||
| n | ᾰ̓λέσᾰν | ᾰ̓λεσᾰ́μενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Perfect: ᾰ̓λήλεκᾰ, ᾰ̓λήλεσμαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ᾰ̓λήλεκᾰ | ᾰ̓λήλεκᾰς | ᾰ̓λήλεκε(ν) | ᾰ̓ληλέκᾰτον | ᾰ̓ληλέκᾰτον | ᾰ̓ληλέκᾰμεν | ᾰ̓ληλέκᾰτε | ᾰ̓ληλέκᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | ᾰ̓ληλέκω | ᾰ̓ληλέκῃς | ᾰ̓ληλέκῃ | ᾰ̓ληλέκητον | ᾰ̓ληλέκητον | ᾰ̓ληλέκωμεν | ᾰ̓ληλέκητε | ᾰ̓ληλέκωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ᾰ̓ληλέκοιμῐ / ᾰ̓ληλεκοίην | ᾰ̓ληλέκοις / ᾰ̓ληλεκοίης | ᾰ̓ληλέκοι / ᾰ̓ληλεκοίη | ᾰ̓ληλέκοιτον | ᾰ̓ληλεκοίτην | ᾰ̓ληλέκοιμεν | ᾰ̓ληλέκοιτε | ᾰ̓ληλέκοιεν | |||||
| imperative | ᾰ̓λήλεκε | ᾰ̓ληλεκέτω | ᾰ̓ληλέκετον | ᾰ̓ληλεκέτων | ᾰ̓ληλέκετε | ᾰ̓ληλεκόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ᾰ̓λήλεσμαι | ᾰ̓λήλεσαι | ᾰ̓λήλεσται | ᾰ̓λήλεσθον | ᾰ̓λήλεσθον | ᾰ̓ληλέσμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λήλεσθε | ᾰ̓ληλέσᾰται | ||||
| subjunctive | ᾰ̓ληλεσμένος ὦ | ᾰ̓ληλεσμένος ᾖς | ᾰ̓ληλεσμένος ᾖ | ᾰ̓ληλεσμένω ἦτον | ᾰ̓ληλεσμένω ἦτον | ᾰ̓ληλεσμένοι ὦμεν | ᾰ̓ληλεσμένοι ἦτε | ᾰ̓ληλεσμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ᾰ̓ληλεσμένος εἴην | ᾰ̓ληλεσμένος εἴης | ᾰ̓ληλεσμένος εἴη | ᾰ̓ληλεσμένω εἴητον / εἶτον | ᾰ̓ληλεσμένω εἰήτην / εἴτην | ᾰ̓ληλεσμένοι εἴημεν / εἶμεν | ᾰ̓ληλεσμένοι εἴητε / εἶτε | ᾰ̓ληλεσμένοι εἴησᾰν / εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | ᾰ̓λήλεσο | ᾰ̓ληλέσθω | ᾰ̓λήλεσθον | ᾰ̓ληλέσθων | ᾰ̓λήλεσθε | ᾰ̓ληλέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | ᾰ̓ληλεκέναι | ᾰ̓ληλέσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | ᾰ̓ληλεκώς | ᾰ̓ληλεσμένος | ||||||||||
| f | ᾰ̓ληλεκυῖᾰ | ᾰ̓ληλεσμένη | |||||||||||
| n | ᾰ̓ληλεκός | ᾰ̓ληλεσμένον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Perfect: ᾰ̓λήλεμαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ᾰ̓λήλεμαι | ᾰ̓λήλεσαι | ᾰ̓λήλεται | ᾰ̓λήλεσθον | ᾰ̓λήλεσθον | ᾰ̓ληλέμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λήλεσθε | ᾰ̓λήλενται | ||||
| subjunctive | ᾰ̓ληλεμένος ὦ | ᾰ̓ληλεμένος ᾖς | ᾰ̓ληλεμένος ᾖ | ᾰ̓ληλεμένω ἦτον | ᾰ̓ληλεμένω ἦτον | ᾰ̓ληλεμένοι ὦμεν | ᾰ̓ληλεμένοι ἦτε | ᾰ̓ληλεμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ᾰ̓ληλεμένος εἴην | ᾰ̓ληλεμένος εἴης | ᾰ̓ληλεμένος εἴη | ᾰ̓ληλεμένω εἴητον / εἶτον | ᾰ̓ληλεμένω εἰήτην / εἴτην | ᾰ̓ληλεμένοι εἴημεν / εἶμεν | ᾰ̓ληλεμένοι εἴητε / εἶτε | ᾰ̓ληλεμένοι εἴησᾰν / εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | ᾰ̓λήλεσο | ᾰ̓ληλέσθω | ᾰ̓λήλεσθον | ᾰ̓ληλέσθων | ᾰ̓λήλεσθε | ᾰ̓ληλέσθων | |||||||
| middle/passive | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ᾰ̓ληλέσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ᾰ̓ληλεμένος | |||||||||||
| f | ᾰ̓ληλεμένη | ||||||||||||
| n | ᾰ̓ληλεμένον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
ἀλέω • (aléō)
- second-person singular aorist middle indicative of ἀλέομαι (aléomai)
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἀλέω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 65
Further reading
- “ἀλέω (A)”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἀλέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἀλέω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἀλέω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἀλέω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- ἀλέω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
- ἀλέω, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011