ἄλειαρ

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

ἄλεαρ n (álear) (Homeric)

Etymology

Related ἀλέω (aléō, “to grind”), with the alternative form ἄλεαρ (álear) from earlier ἄλεϝαρ (álewar) showing the connection to Proto-Indo-European *h₂leh₁wr̥, whence also Old Armenian ալիւր (aliwr, “flour”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /á.leː.ar/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈa.li.ar/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.li.ar/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.li.ar/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.li.ar/

Noun

ἄλειαρ • (áleiar) n (genitive ἀλείατος); third declension (chiefly in the plural)

wheat-groats, coarse wheaten flour, wheatmeal
Synonym: ἄλευρον (áleuron)
- c. 8th century BCE, Homer, “Rhapsody υ”, in Odyssey, 107-8:
  δώδεκα πᾶσαι ἐπεῤῥώοντο γυναῖκες ἄλφιτα τεύχουσαι καὶ ἀλείατα, μυελὸν ἀνδρῶν
  dṓdeka pâsai eperrhṓonto gunaîkes álphita teúkhousai kaì aleíata, muelòn andrôn
  twelve maidens, day by day, toiled grinding barleymeal and wheatmeal, the marrow of man

Usage notes

Particularly differentiated from ἄλφιτα (álphita, “barley flour, barleymeal”) (see Odyssey quote).

Declension

Third declension of τὸ ἄλειᾰρ; τοῦ ἀλείᾰτος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ ἄλειᾰρ tò áleiăr	τὼ ἀλείᾰτε tṑ aleíăte	τᾰ̀ ἀλείᾰτᾰ tằ aleíătă
Genitive	τοῦ ἀλείᾰτος toû aleíătos	τοῖν ἀλειᾰ́τοιν toîn aleiắtoin	τῶν ἀλειᾰ́των tôn aleiắtōn
Dative	τῷ ἀλείᾰτῐ tōî aleíătĭ	τοῖν ἀλειᾰ́τοιν toîn aleiắtoin	τοῖς ἀλείᾰσῐ / ἀλείᾰσῐν toîs aleíăsĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸ ἄλειᾰρ tò áleiăr	τὼ ἀλείᾰτε tṑ aleíăte	τᾰ̀ ἀλείᾰτᾰ tằ aleíătă
Vocative	ἄλειᾰρ áleiăr	ἀλείᾰτε aleíăte	ἀλείᾰτᾰ aleíătă
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.