ἅλς
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *hāls, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls (“salt”). Cognates include Sanskrit सलिल (salila), Old Armenian աղ (ał), Latin sāl, and Old English sealt (English salt).[1]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /háls/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /(h)als/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /als/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /als/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /als/
Noun
ᾰ̔́λς • (hắls) m (genitive ᾰ̔λός); third declension
Declension
| Case / # | Singular | Plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ ᾰ̔́λς ho hắls |
οἱ ᾰ̔́λες hoi hắles | |||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ ᾰ̔λός toû hălós |
τῶν ᾰ̔λῶν tôn hălôn | |||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ ᾰ̔λῐ́ tōî hălĭ́ |
τοῖς ᾰ̔λσῐ́ / ᾰ̔́λᾰσῐν toîs hălsĭ́ / hắlăsĭn | |||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν ᾰ̔́λᾰ tòn hắlă |
τοὺς ᾰ̔́λᾰς toùs hắlăs | |||||||||||
| Vocative | ᾰ̔́λς hắls |
ᾰ̔́λες hắles | |||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
Descendants
- ⇒ Koine Greek: ἁλάτιον (halátion) (diminutive)
- Byzantine Greek: ἁλάτιν (halátin)
- Greek: αλάτι (aláti)
- Byzantine Greek: ἁλάτιν (halátin)
- Mariupol Greek: а́лас (álas)
- → English: halo-
- → Greek: άλας (álas) (learned)
Noun
ᾰ̔́λς • (hắls) f (genitive ᾰ̔λός); third declension
- sea
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 5.260–261:[1]
- ἐν δ’ ὑπέρας τε κάλους τε πόδας τ’ ἐνέδησεν ἐν αὐτῇ,
μοχλοῖσιν δ’ ἄρα τήν γε κατείρυσεν εἰς ἅλα δῖαν.- en d’ hupéras te kálous te pódas t’ enédēsen en autēî,
mokhloîsin d’ ára tḗn ge kateírusen eis hála dîan.
- 1919 translation by Augustus Taber Murray[2]
- And he made fast in the raft braces and halyards and sheets,
and then with levers forced it down into the bright sea.
- And he made fast in the raft braces and halyards and sheets,
- en d’ hupéras te kálous te pódas t’ enédēsen en autēî,
- ἐν δ’ ὑπέρας τε κάλους τε πόδας τ’ ἐνέδησεν ἐν αὐτῇ,
Declension
| Case / # | Singular | Plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ἡ ᾰ̔́λς hē hắls |
αἱ ᾰ̔́λες hai hắles | |||||||||||
| Genitive | τῆς ᾰ̔λός tês hălós |
τῶν ᾰ̔λῶν tôn hălôn | |||||||||||
| Dative | τῇ ᾰ̔λῐ́ tēî hălĭ́ |
ταῖς ᾰ̔λσῐ́ / ᾰ̔́λᾰσῐν taîs hălsĭ́ / hắlăsĭn | |||||||||||
| Accusative | τὴν ᾰ̔́λᾰ tḕn hắlă |
τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̔́λᾰς tā̀s hắlăs | |||||||||||
| Vocative | ᾰ̔́λς hắls |
ᾰ̔́λες hắles | |||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἅλς , ἁλός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 74-5
Further reading
- “ἅλς (A)”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἅλς (B)”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἅλς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἅλς”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἅλς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- ἅλς in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- ἅλς in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
- “ἅλς”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G251 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[3], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.