ἐπάρχω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From ἐπῐ- (epĭ-, “on, upon; over”) + ᾰ̓́ρχω (ắrkhō, “to begin; lead, rule, command”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /e.pár.kʰɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /eˈpar.kʰo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /eˈpar.xo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /eˈpar.xo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /eˈpar.xo/
Verb
ἐπάρχω • (epárkhō)
- (transitive) to govern, lead, rule over [with genitive]
- (intransitive) to be ruler, commander, governor of a province
- (Koine, Byzantine, historical) to be eparch of an eparchy in the Greek-speaking Eastern Roman Empire (akin to prefect of a prefecture in the Latin-speaking Western Roman Empire)
- (idiomatic) to rule besides or in addition to one's hereditary dominions
- (middle voice) to serve, offer [with dative]
- (Homeric) to pour the first drops before a libation
- ἐπάρξασθαι δεπάεσσιν ― epárxasthai depáessin ― to begin pouring into the cups
- Synonym: κατάρχω (katárkhō)
- (Homeric) to pour the first drops before a libation
Inflection
Present: ἐπᾰ́ρχω, ἐπᾰ́ρχομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐπᾰ́ρχω | ἐπᾰ́ρχεις | ἐπᾰ́ρχει | ἐπᾰ́ρχετον | ἐπᾰ́ρχετον | ἐπᾰ́ρχομεν | ἐπᾰ́ρχετε | ἐπᾰ́ρχουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | ἐπᾰ́ρχω | ἐπᾰ́ρχῃς | ἐπᾰ́ρχῃ | ἐπᾰ́ρχητον | ἐπᾰ́ρχητον | ἐπᾰ́ρχωμεν | ἐπᾰ́ρχητε | ἐπᾰ́ρχωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἐπᾰ́ρχοιμῐ | ἐπᾰ́ρχοις | ἐπᾰ́ρχοι | ἐπᾰ́ρχοιτον | ἐπᾰρχοίτην | ἐπᾰ́ρχοιμεν | ἐπᾰ́ρχοιτε | ἐπᾰ́ρχοιεν | |||||
| imperative | ἔπᾰρχε | ἐπᾰρχέτω | ἐπᾰ́ρχετον | ἐπᾰρχέτων | ἐπᾰ́ρχετε | ἐπᾰρχόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐπᾰ́ρχομαι | ἐπᾰ́ρχῃ / ἐπᾰ́ρχει | ἐπᾰ́ρχεται | ἐπᾰ́ρχεσθον | ἐπᾰ́ρχεσθον | ἐπᾰρχόμεθᾰ | ἐπᾰ́ρχεσθε | ἐπᾰ́ρχονται | ||||
| subjunctive | ἐπᾰ́ρχωμαι | ἐπᾰ́ρχῃ | ἐπᾰ́ρχηται | ἐπᾰ́ρχησθον | ἐπᾰ́ρχησθον | ἐπᾰρχώμεθᾰ | ἐπᾰ́ρχησθε | ἐπᾰ́ρχωνται | |||||
| optative | ἐπᾰρχοίμην | ἐπᾰ́ρχοιο | ἐπᾰ́ρχοιτο | ἐπᾰ́ρχοισθον | ἐπᾰρχοίσθην | ἐπᾰρχοίμεθᾰ | ἐπᾰ́ρχοισθε | ἐπᾰ́ρχοιντο | |||||
| imperative | ἐπᾰ́ρχου | ἐπᾰρχέσθω | ἐπᾰ́ρχεσθον | ἐπᾰρχέσθων | ἐπᾰ́ρχεσθε | ἐπᾰρχέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | ἐπᾰ́ρχειν | ἐπᾰ́ρχεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | ἐπᾰ́ρχων | ἐπᾰρχόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | ἐπᾰ́ρχουσᾰ | ἐπᾰρχομένη | |||||||||||
| n | ἐπᾰ́ρχον | ἐπᾰρχόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἔπηρχον, ἐπηρχόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔπηρχον | ἔπηρχες | ἔπηρχε(ν) | ἐπήρχετον | ἐπηρχέτην | ἐπήρχομεν | ἐπήρχετε | ἔπηρχον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐπηρχόμην | ἐπήρχου | ἐπήρχετο | ἐπήρχεσθον | ἐπηρχέσθην | ἐπηρχόμεθᾰ | ἐπήρχεσθε | ἐπήρχοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔπᾰρχον | ἔπᾰρχες | ἔπᾰρχε(ν) | ἐπᾰ́ρχετον | ἐπᾰρχέτην | ἐπᾰ́ρχομεν | ἐπᾰ́ρχετε | ἔπᾰρχον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐπᾰρχόμην | ἐπᾰ́ρχου | ἐπᾰ́ρχετο | ἐπᾰ́ρχεσθον | ἐπᾰρχέσθην | ἐπᾰρχόμε(σ)θᾰ | ἐπᾰ́ρχεσθε | ἐπᾰ́ρχοντο | ||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: ἐπᾰ́ρξω, ἐπᾰ́ρξομαι, ἐπᾰρχθήσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐπᾰ́ρξω | ἐπᾰ́ρξεις | ἐπᾰ́ρξει | ἐπᾰ́ρξετον | ἐπᾰ́ρξετον | ἐπᾰ́ρξομεν | ἐπᾰ́ρξετε | ἐπᾰ́ρξουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | ἐπᾰ́ρξοιμῐ | ἐπᾰ́ρξοις | ἐπᾰ́ρξοι | ἐπᾰ́ρξοιτον | ἐπᾰρξοίτην | ἐπᾰ́ρξοιμεν | ἐπᾰ́ρξοιτε | ἐπᾰ́ρξοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | ἐπᾰ́ρξομαι | ἐπᾰ́ρξῃ / ἐπᾰ́ρξει | ἐπᾰ́ρξεται | ἐπᾰ́ρξεσθον | ἐπᾰ́ρξεσθον | ἐπᾰρξόμεθᾰ | ἐπᾰ́ρξεσθε | ἐπᾰ́ρξονται | ||||
| optative | ἐπᾰρξοίμην | ἐπᾰ́ρξοιο | ἐπᾰ́ρξοιτο | ἐπᾰ́ρξοισθον | ἐπᾰρξοίσθην | ἐπᾰρξοίμεθᾰ | ἐπᾰ́ρξοισθε | ἐπᾰ́ρξοιντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | ἐπᾰρχθήσομαι | ἐπᾰρχθήσῃ | ἐπᾰρχθήσεται | ἐπᾰρχθήσεσθον | ἐπᾰρχθήσεσθον | ἐπᾰρχθησόμεθᾰ | ἐπᾰρχθήσεσθε | ἐπᾰρχθήσονται | ||||
| optative | ἐπᾰρχθησοίμην | ἐπᾰρχθήσοιο | ἐπᾰρχθήσοιτο | ἐπᾰρχθήσοισθον | ἐπᾰρχθησοίσθην | ἐπᾰρχθησοίμεθᾰ | ἐπᾰρχθήσοισθε | ἐπᾰρχθήσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | ἐπᾰ́ρξειν | ἐπᾰ́ρξεσθαι | ἐπᾰρχθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | ἐπᾰ́ρξων | ἐπᾰρξόμενος | ἐπᾰρχθησόμενος | |||||||||
| f | ἐπᾰ́ρξουσᾰ | ἐπᾰρξομένη | ἐπᾰρχθησομένη | ||||||||||
| n | ἐπᾰ́ρξον | ἐπᾰρξόμενον | ἐπᾰρχθησόμενον | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἔπηρξᾰ, ἐπηρξᾰ́μην, ἐπήρχθην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔπηρξᾰ | ἔπηρξᾰς | ἔπηρξε(ν) | ἐπήρξᾰτον | ἐπηρξᾰ́την | ἐπήρξᾰμεν | ἐπήρξᾰτε | ἔπηρξᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | ἐπᾰ́ρξω | ἐπᾰ́ρξῃς | ἐπᾰ́ρξῃ | ἐπᾰ́ρξητον | ἐπᾰ́ρξητον | ἐπᾰ́ρξωμεν | ἐπᾰ́ρξητε | ἐπᾰ́ρξωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἐπᾰ́ρξαιμῐ | ἐπᾰ́ρξειᾰς / ἐπᾰ́ρξαις | ἐπᾰ́ρξειε(ν) / ἐπᾰ́ρξαι | ἐπᾰ́ρξαιτον | ἐπᾰρξαίτην | ἐπᾰ́ρξαιμεν | ἐπᾰ́ρξαιτε | ἐπᾰ́ρξειᾰν / ἐπᾰ́ρξαιεν | |||||
| imperative | ἔπᾰρξον | ἐπᾰρξᾰ́τω | ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰτον | ἐπᾰρξᾰ́των | ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰτε | ἐπᾰρξᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐπηρξᾰ́μην | ἐπήρξω | ἐπήρξᾰτο | ἐπήρξᾰσθον | ἐπηρξᾰ́σθην | ἐπηρξᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐπήρξᾰσθε | ἐπήρξᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | ἐπᾰ́ρξωμαι | ἐπᾰ́ρξῃ | ἐπᾰ́ρξηται | ἐπᾰ́ρξησθον | ἐπᾰ́ρξησθον | ἐπᾰρξώμεθᾰ | ἐπᾰ́ρξησθε | ἐπᾰ́ρξωνται | |||||
| optative | ἐπᾰρξαίμην | ἐπᾰ́ρξαιο | ἐπᾰ́ρξαιτο | ἐπᾰ́ρξαισθον | ἐπᾰρξαίσθην | ἐπᾰρξαίμεθᾰ | ἐπᾰ́ρξαισθε | ἐπᾰ́ρξαιντο | |||||
| imperative | ἔπᾰρξαι | ἐπᾰρξᾰ́σθω | ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰσθον | ἐπᾰρξᾰ́σθων | ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰσθε | ἐπᾰρξᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | ἐπήρχθην | ἐπήρχθης | ἐπήρχθη | ἐπήρχθητον | ἐπηρχθήτην | ἐπήρχθημεν | ἐπήρχθητε | ἐπήρχθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | ἐπᾰρχθῶ | ἐπᾰρχθῇς | ἐπᾰρχθῇ | ἐπᾰρχθῆτον | ἐπᾰρχθῆτον | ἐπᾰρχθῶμεν | ἐπᾰρχθῆτε | ἐπᾰρχθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἐπᾰρχθείην | ἐπᾰρχθείης | ἐπᾰρχθείη | ἐπᾰρχθεῖτον / ἐπᾰρχθείητον | ἐπᾰρχθείτην / ἐπᾰρχθειήτην | ἐπᾰρχθεῖμεν / ἐπᾰρχθείημεν | ἐπᾰρχθεῖτε / ἐπᾰρχθείητε | ἐπᾰρχθεῖεν / ἐπᾰρχθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | ἐπᾰ́ρχθητῐ | ἐπᾰρχθήτω | ἐπᾰ́ρχθητον | ἐπᾰρχθήτων | ἐπᾰ́ρχθητε | ἐπᾰρχθέντων | |||||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | ἐπᾰ́ρξαι | ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰσθαι | ἐπᾰρχθῆναι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | ἐπᾰ́ρξᾱς | ἐπᾰρξᾰ́μενος | ἐπᾰρχθείς | |||||||||
| f | ἐπᾰ́ρξᾱσᾰ | ἐπᾰρξᾰμένη | ἐπᾰρχθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
| n | ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰν | ἐπᾰρξᾰ́μενον | ἐπᾰρχθέν | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔπᾰρξᾰ | ἔπᾰρξᾰς | ἔπᾰρξε(ν) | ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰτον | ἐπᾰρξᾰ́την | ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰμεν | ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰτε | ἔπᾰρξᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | ἐπᾰ́ρξω, ἐπᾰ́ρξωμῐ |
ἐπᾰ́ρξῃς, ἐπᾰ́ρξῃσθᾰ |
ἐπᾰ́ρξῃ, ἐπᾰ́ρξῃσῐ |
ἐπᾰ́ρξητον | ἐπᾰ́ρξητον | ἐπᾰ́ρξωμεν | ἐπᾰ́ρξητε | ἐπᾰ́ρξωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἐπᾰ́ρξαιμῐ | ἐπᾰ́ρξαις, ἐπᾰ́ρξαισθᾰ, ἐπᾰ́ρξειᾰς |
ἐπᾰ́ρξειε(ν) / ἐπᾰ́ρξαι | ἐπᾰρξεῖτον | ἐπᾰρξείτην | ἐπᾰρξεῖμεν | ἐπᾰρξεῖτε | ἐπᾰρξεῖεν | |||||
| imperative | ἔπᾰρξον | ἐπᾰρξᾰ́τω | ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰτον | ἐπᾰρξᾰ́των | ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰτε | ἐπᾰρξᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐπᾰρξᾰ́μην | ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰο | ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰτο | ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰσθον | ἐπᾰρξᾰ́σθην | ἐπᾰρξᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ | ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰσθε | ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | ἐπᾰ́ρξωμαι | ἐπᾰ́ρξηαι | ἐπᾰ́ρξηται | ἐπᾰ́ρξησθον | ἐπᾰ́ρξησθον | ἐπᾰρξώμε(σ)θᾰ | ἐπᾰ́ρξησθε | ἐπᾰ́ρξωνται | |||||
| optative | ἐπᾰρξαίμην | ἐπᾰ́ρξαιο | ἐπᾰ́ρξαιτο | ἐπᾰ́ρξαισθον | ἐπᾰρξαίσθην | ἐπᾰρξαίμε(σ)θᾰ | ἐπᾰ́ρξαισθε | ἐπᾰρξαίᾰτο | |||||
| imperative | ἔπᾰρξαι | ἐπᾰρξᾰ́σθω | ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰσθον | ἐπᾰρξᾰ́σθων | ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰσθε | ἐπᾰρξᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | ἐπᾰ́ρχθην | ἐπᾰ́ρχθης | ἐπᾰ́ρχθη | ἐπᾰ́ρχθητον | ἐπᾰρχθήτην | ἐπᾰ́ρχθημεν | ἐπᾰ́ρχθητε | ἐπᾰ́ρχθησᾰν, ἔπᾰρχθεν | ||||
| subjunctive | ἐπᾰρχθῶ | ἐπᾰρχθῇς | ἐπᾰρχθῇ | ἐπᾰρχθῆτον | ἐπᾰρχθῆτον | ἐπᾰρχθῶμεν | ἐπᾰρχθῆτε | ἐπᾰρχθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἐπᾰρχθείην | ἐπᾰρχθείης | ἐπᾰρχθείη | ἐπᾰρχθεῖτον / ἐπᾰρχθείητον | ἐπᾰρχθείτην / ἐπᾰρχθειήτην | ἐπᾰρχθεῖμεν / ἐπᾰρχθείημεν | ἐπᾰρχθεῖτε / ἐπᾰρχθείητε | ἐπᾰ́ρχθειεν / ἐπᾰρχθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | ἐπᾰ́ρχθητῐ | ἐπᾰρχθήτω | ἐπᾰ́ρχθητον | ἐπᾰρχθήτων | ἐπᾰ́ρχθητε | ἐπᾰρχθέντων | |||||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | ἐπᾰ́ρξαι / ἐπᾰρξᾰ́μεν / ἐπᾰρξᾰμέναι | ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰσθαι | ἐπᾰρχθῆναι / ἐπᾰρχθήμεναι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | ἐπᾰ́ρξᾱς | ἐπᾰρξᾰ́μενος | ἐπᾰρχθείς | |||||||||
| f | ἐπᾰ́ρξᾱσᾰ | ἐπᾰρξᾰμένη | ἐπᾰρχθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
| n | ἐπᾰ́ρξᾰν | ἐπᾰρξᾰ́μενον | ἐπᾰρχθέν | ||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Perfect: ἔπηρχᾰ, ἔπηργμαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔπηρχᾰ | ἔπηρχᾰς | ἔπηρχε(ν) | ἐπήρχᾰτον | ἐπήρχᾰτον | ἐπήρχᾰμεν | ἐπήρχᾰτε | ἐπήρχᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | ἐπήρχω | ἐπήρχῃς | ἐπήρχῃ | ἐπήρχητον | ἐπήρχητον | ἐπήρχωμεν | ἐπήρχητε | ἐπήρχωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἐπήρχοιμῐ / ἐπηρχοίην | ἐπήρχοις / ἐπηρχοίης | ἐπήρχοι / ἐπηρχοίη | ἐπήρχοιτον | ἐπηρχοίτην | ἐπήρχοιμεν | ἐπήρχοιτε | ἐπήρχοιεν | |||||
| imperative | ἔπηρχε | ἐπηρχέτω | ἐπήρχετον | ἐπηρχέτων | ἐπήρχετε | ἐπηρχόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἔπηργμαι | ἔπηρξαι | ἔπηρκται | ἔπηρχθον | ἔπηρχθον | ἐπήργμεθᾰ | ἔπηρχθε | ἐπήρχᾰται | ||||
| subjunctive | ἐπηργμένος ὦ | ἐπηργμένος ᾖς | ἐπηργμένος ᾖ | ἐπηργμένω ἦτον | ἐπηργμένω ἦτον | ἐπηργμένοι ὦμεν | ἐπηργμένοι ἦτε | ἐπηργμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἐπηργμένος εἴην | ἐπηργμένος εἴης | ἐπηργμένος εἴη | ἐπηργμένω εἴητον / εἶτον | ἐπηργμένω εἰήτην / εἴτην | ἐπηργμένοι εἴημεν / εἶμεν | ἐπηργμένοι εἴητε / εἶτε | ἐπηργμένοι εἴησᾰν / εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | ἔπηρξο | ἐπήρχθω | ἔπηρχθον | ἐπήρχθων | ἔπηρχθε | ἐπήρχθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | ἐπηρχέναι | ἐπῆρχθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | ἐπηρχώς | ἐπηργμένος | ||||||||||
| f | ἐπηρχυῖᾰ | ἐπηργμένη | |||||||||||
| n | ἐπηρχός | ἐπηργμένον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
Further reading
- “ἐπάρχω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἐπάρχω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ἐπάρχω - Kriaras, Emmanuel (1969-) Επιτομή του Λεξικού της Μεσαιωνικής Ελληνικής Δημώδους Γραμματείας (Epitomí tou Lexikoú tis Mesaionikís Ellinikís Dimódous Grammateías) [Concise Dictionary of the Kriaras' Dictionary of Medieval Vulgar Greek Literature (1100–1669) Vols. 1–14. Vols 15- under I. Kazazes.)] (in Greek), Thessaloniki: Centre for the Greek language Online edition (abbreviations) Printed edition 2022: 22 vols.)
- ἐπάρχω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette