ἰαύω

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

αὔω (aúō)

Etymology

From a reduplicated present *h₂í-h₂ews-ye- of Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“pass the night”). Cognates include Old Armenian ագանիմ (aganim), Hittite 𒄷𒅖𒍣 (ḫuiš-zi, “to live, survive”), and Sanskrit वसति (vásati, “to dwell, remain, stay; to stop”). Related to ἄεσα (áesa) and αὐλή (aulḗ).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /i.ǎu̯.ɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /iˈa.wo/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /iˈa.βo/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /iˈa.vo/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /iˈa.vo/

Verb

ἰαύω • (iaúō)

(poetic) to sleep, pass the night
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 14.213
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 11.261
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 22.464
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 34.209
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.259
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.325
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 19.340
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 14.16
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 9.184
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 1204
- c. 440 BCE, Euripides, Rhesus 740
1. (with genitive) to stop, make to cease
  - 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Lycophron, Alexandra 101
  - 408 BCE, Euripides, The Phoenician Women 1537, (πόδα (póda) belongs to ἀλαίνων (alaínōn), not ἰαύων (iaúōn))

Inflection

Mostly used in present and imperfect.

Present: ῐ̓αύω, ῐ̓αύομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ῐ̓αύω	ῐ̓αύεις	ῐ̓αύει	ῐ̓αύετον	ῐ̓αύετον	ῐ̓αύομεν	ῐ̓αύετε	ῐ̓αύουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ῐ̓αύω	ῐ̓αύῃς	ῐ̓αύῃ	ῐ̓αύητον	ῐ̓αύητον	ῐ̓αύωμεν	ῐ̓αύητε	ῐ̓αύωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ῐ̓αύοιμῐ	ῐ̓αύοις	ῐ̓αύοι	ῐ̓αύοιτον	ῐ̓αυοίτην	ῐ̓αύοιμεν	ῐ̓αύοιτε	ῐ̓αύοιεν
	imperative		ῐ̓́αυε	ῐ̓αυέτω	ῐ̓αύετον	ῐ̓αυέτων		ῐ̓αύετε	ῐ̓αυόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ῐ̓αύομαι	ῐ̓αύῃ / ῐ̓αύει	ῐ̓αύεται	ῐ̓αύεσθον	ῐ̓αύεσθον	ῐ̓αυόμεθᾰ	ῐ̓αύεσθε	ῐ̓αύονται
	subjunctive	ῐ̓αύωμαι	ῐ̓αύῃ	ῐ̓αύηται	ῐ̓αύησθον	ῐ̓αύησθον	ῐ̓αυώμεθᾰ	ῐ̓αύησθε	ῐ̓αύωνται
	optative	ῐ̓αυοίμην	ῐ̓αύοιο	ῐ̓αύοιτο	ῐ̓αύοισθον	ῐ̓αυοίσθην	ῐ̓αυοίμεθᾰ	ῐ̓αύοισθε	ῐ̓αύοιντο
	imperative		ῐ̓αύου	ῐ̓αυέσθω	ῐ̓αύεσθον	ῐ̓αυέσθων		ῐ̓αύεσθε	ῐ̓αυέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ῐ̓αύειν				ῐ̓αύεσθαι
participle	m	ῐ̓αύων				ῐ̓αυόμενος
	f	ῐ̓αύουσᾰ				ῐ̓αυομένη
	n	ῐ̓αῦον				ῐ̓αυόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ῐ̓́αυον, ῐ̓αυόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ῐ̓́αυον	ῐ̓́αυες	ῐ̓́αυε(ν)	ῐ̓αύετον	ῐ̓αυέτην	ῐ̓αύομεν	ῐ̓αύετε	ῐ̓́αυον
middle/ passive	indicative	ῐ̓αυόμην	ῐ̓αύου	ῐ̓αύετο	ῐ̓αύεσθον	ῐ̓αυέσθην	ῐ̓αυόμεθᾰ	ῐ̓αύεσθε	ῐ̓αύοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: ῐ̓αύσω, ῐ̓αύσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ῐ̓αύσω	ῐ̓αύσεις	ῐ̓αύσει	ῐ̓αύσετον	ῐ̓αύσετον	ῐ̓αύσομεν	ῐ̓αύσετε	ῐ̓αύσουσῐ(ν)
active	optative	ῐ̓αύσοιμῐ	ῐ̓αύσοις	ῐ̓αύσοι	ῐ̓αύσοιτον	ῐ̓αυσοίτην	ῐ̓αύσοιμεν	ῐ̓αύσοιτε	ῐ̓αύσοιεν
middle	indicative	ῐ̓αύσομαι	ῐ̓αύσῃ / ῐ̓αύσει	ῐ̓αύσεται	ῐ̓αύσεσθον	ῐ̓αύσεσθον	ῐ̓αυσόμεθᾰ	ῐ̓αύσεσθε	ῐ̓αύσονται
middle	optative	ῐ̓αυσοίμην	ῐ̓αύσοιο	ῐ̓αύσοιτο	ῐ̓αύσοισθον	ῐ̓αυσοίσθην	ῐ̓αυσοίμεθᾰ	ῐ̓αύσοισθε	ῐ̓αύσοιντο
		active			middle
infinitive		ῐ̓αύσειν			ῐ̓αύσεσθαι
participle	m	ῐ̓αύσων			ῐ̓αυσόμενος
	f	ῐ̓αύσουσᾰ			ῐ̓αυσομένη
	n	ῐ̓αῦσον			ῐ̓αυσόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ῐ̓́αυσᾰ, ῐ̓αυσᾰ́μην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ῐ̓́αυσᾰ	ῐ̓́αυσᾰς	ῐ̓́αυσε(ν)	ῐ̓αύσᾰτον	ῐ̓αυσᾰ́την	ῐ̓αύσᾰμεν	ῐ̓αύσᾰτε	ῐ̓́αυσᾰν
	subjunctive	ῐ̓αύσω	ῐ̓αύσῃς	ῐ̓αύσῃ	ῐ̓αύσητον	ῐ̓αύσητον	ῐ̓αύσωμεν	ῐ̓αύσητε	ῐ̓αύσωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ῐ̓αύσαιμῐ	ῐ̓αύσειᾰς / ῐ̓αύσαις	ῐ̓αύσειε(ν) / ῐ̓αύσαι	ῐ̓αύσαιτον	ῐ̓αυσαίτην	ῐ̓αύσαιμεν	ῐ̓αύσαιτε	ῐ̓αύσειᾰν / ῐ̓αύσαιεν
	imperative		ῐ̓́αυσον	ῐ̓αυσᾰ́τω	ῐ̓αύσᾰτον	ῐ̓αυσᾰ́των		ῐ̓αύσᾰτε	ῐ̓αυσᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ῐ̓αυσᾰ́μην	ῐ̓αύσω	ῐ̓αύσᾰτο	ῐ̓αύσᾰσθον	ῐ̓αυσᾰ́σθην	ῐ̓αυσᾰ́μεθᾰ	ῐ̓αύσᾰσθε	ῐ̓αύσᾰντο
	subjunctive	ῐ̓αύσωμαι	ῐ̓αύσῃ	ῐ̓αύσηται	ῐ̓αύσησθον	ῐ̓αύσησθον	ῐ̓αυσώμεθᾰ	ῐ̓αύσησθε	ῐ̓αύσωνται
	optative	ῐ̓αυσαίμην	ῐ̓αύσαιο	ῐ̓αύσαιτο	ῐ̓αύσαισθον	ῐ̓αυσαίσθην	ῐ̓αυσαίμεθᾰ	ῐ̓αύσαισθε	ῐ̓αύσαιντο
	imperative		ῐ̓́αυσαι	ῐ̓αυσᾰ́σθω	ῐ̓αύσᾰσθον	ῐ̓αυσᾰ́σθων		ῐ̓αύσᾰσθε	ῐ̓αυσᾰ́σθων
		active			middle
infinitive		ῐ̓αῦσαι			ῐ̓αύσᾰσθαι
participle	m	ῐ̓αύσᾱς			ῐ̓αυσᾰ́μενος
	f	ῐ̓αύσᾱσᾰ			ῐ̓αυσᾰμένη
	n	ῐ̓αῦσᾰν			ῐ̓αυσᾰ́μενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Synonyms

(stop): παύω (paúō)

References

“ἰαύω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ἰαύω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ἰαύω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἰαύω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ἰαύω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
LSJ 8th edition
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN