ὀρφανός

See also: ορφανός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos (“orphan”), from *h₃erbʰ- (“to change ownership”). Cognate with Latin orbus (“orphaned”), Sanskrit अर्भ (árbha, “small”), Old Armenian որբ (orb, “orphan”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /or.pʰa.nós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /or.pʰaˈnos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /or.ɸaˈnos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /or.faˈnos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /or.faˈnos/

Adjective

ὀρφᾰνός • (orphănós) m (feminine ὀρφᾰνή, neuter ὀρφᾰνόν); first/second declension

left orphan, without parents
childless
destitute, bereft
- Κατά Ἰωάννην 14:18
  Οὐκ ἀφήσω ὑμᾶς ὀρφανούς· ἔρχομαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς.
  "I will not leave you destitute; I will come for you."

Inflection

In some writings, the adjective is declined -ός, -όν.

First and second declension of ὀρφᾰνός; ὀρφᾰνή; ὀρφᾰνόν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ὀρφᾰνός orphănós	ὀρφᾰνή orphănḗ	ὀρφᾰνόν orphănón	ὀρφᾰνώ orphănṓ	ὀρφᾰνᾱ́ orphănā́	ὀρφᾰνώ orphănṓ	ὀρφᾰνοί orphănoí	ὀρφᾰναί orphănaí	ὀρφᾰνᾰ́ orphănắ
Genitive	ὀρφᾰνοῦ orphănoû	ὀρφᾰνῆς orphănês	ὀρφᾰνοῦ orphănoû	ὀρφᾰνοῖν orphănoîn	ὀρφᾰναῖν orphănaîn	ὀρφᾰνοῖν orphănoîn	ὀρφᾰνῶν orphănôn	ὀρφᾰνῶν orphănôn	ὀρφᾰνῶν orphănôn
Dative	ὀρφᾰνῷ orphănōî	ὀρφᾰνῇ orphănēî	ὀρφᾰνῷ orphănōî	ὀρφᾰνοῖν orphănoîn	ὀρφᾰναῖν orphănaîn	ὀρφᾰνοῖν orphănoîn	ὀρφᾰνοῖς orphănoîs	ὀρφᾰναῖς orphănaîs	ὀρφᾰνοῖς orphănoîs
Accusative	ὀρφᾰνόν orphănón	ὀρφᾰνήν orphănḗn	ὀρφᾰνόν orphănón	ὀρφᾰνώ orphănṓ	ὀρφᾰνᾱ́ orphănā́	ὀρφᾰνώ orphănṓ	ὀρφᾰνούς orphănoús	ὀρφᾰνᾱ́ς orphănā́s	ὀρφᾰνᾰ́ orphănắ
Vocative	ὀρφᾰνέ orphăné	ὀρφᾰνή orphănḗ	ὀρφᾰνόν orphănón	ὀρφᾰνώ orphănṓ	ὀρφᾰνᾱ́ orphănā́	ὀρφᾰνώ orphănṓ	ὀρφᾰνοί orphănoí	ὀρφᾰναί orphănaí	ὀρφᾰνᾰ́ orphănắ
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	ὀρφᾰνῶς orphănôs			ὀρφᾰνώτερος orphănṓteros			ὀρφᾰνώτᾰτος orphănṓtătos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ὀρφανία (orphanía)
ὀρφανίζω (orphanízō)
ὀρφανιστής (orphanistḗs)
ὀρφᾰνοφῠ́λᾰξ (orphănophŭ́lăx)

Descendants

→ Coptic: ⲟⲣⲫⲁⲛⲟⲥ (orphanos)
→ Greek: ορφανός (orfanós)
→ Latin: orphanus, orfanus
- → Albanian: varfër, vorfën
- Aromanian: oarfãn, oarfãnu, orfãn
- Asturian: güérfanu
- Catalan: orfe
- → English: orphan
- Esperanto: orfo
- Old French: orfene
  - ⇒ Old French: orfenin
    - French: orphelin
- Friulian: vuarfin
- Galician: orfo, orfao
- Italian: orfano
- Judeo-Italian: אוֹרְפֵֿינוֹ (ʔorəp̄eno /⁠orfeno⁠/)
- Leonese: güerfano, guérfanu
- Mirandese: uorfano
- Occitan: òrfe, orfanèl
- Portuguese: órfão, orfo, orfe
- Romanian: orfan, oarfăn
- Sardinian: òlfanu, òrfanu
- Spanish: huérfano