ὑπερήφανος

See also: υπερήφανος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

ὑπερᾱ́φανος (huperā́phanos) — Doric, Aeolic

Etymology

Traditionally derived from ὑπερφανής (huperphanḗs, “appearing over; showing oneself above others”), or directly from ῠ̔πέρ (hŭpér, “over, above”) +‎ φᾱνός (phānós, “appearing, shining, bright, resplendent”), in both cases, with epenthetic vowel -η- (-ē-) inserted, perhaps on the model of ὑπερήνωρ (huperḗnōr, “arrogant”). However, Beekes is skeptical, analyzing the word as an atomic root form ὑπερήφ (huperḗph) (despite claiming that -η- (-ē-) is compositional) + a suffix -ανος (-anos), and leaves the origin open.^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hy.pe.rɛ̌ː.pʰa.nos/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /(h)y.peˈre̝.pʰa.nos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /y.peˈri.ɸa.nos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /y.peˈri.fa.nos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /i.peˈri.fa.nos/

Adjective

ὑπερήφανος • (huperḗphanos) m or f (neuter ὑπερήφανον); second declension (Attic, Ionic, Koine)

arrogant, boastful, blustering, conceited, overweening, proud, vain, vainglorious
contemptuous, disdainful, haughty, scornful, supercilious
(rarely, in a good sense) magnificent, splendid

Declension

Second declension of ὑπερήφᾰνος; ὑπερήφᾰνον (Koine, Attic)

Number	Singular		Dual		Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ὑπερήφᾰνος huperḗphănos	ὑπερήφᾰνον huperḗphănon	ὑπερηφᾰ́νω huperēphắnō	ὑπερηφᾰ́νω huperēphắnō	ὑπερήφᾰνοι huperḗphănoi	ὑπερήφᾰνᾰ huperḗphănă
Genitive	ὑπερηφᾰ́νου huperēphắnou	ὑπερηφᾰ́νου huperēphắnou	ὑπερηφᾰ́νοιν huperēphắnoin	ὑπερηφᾰ́νοιν huperēphắnoin	ὑπερηφᾰ́νων huperēphắnōn	ὑπερηφᾰ́νων huperēphắnōn
Dative	ὑπερηφᾰ́νῳ huperēphắnōi	ὑπερηφᾰ́νῳ huperēphắnōi	ὑπερηφᾰ́νοιν huperēphắnoin	ὑπερηφᾰ́νοιν huperēphắnoin	ὑπερηφᾰ́νοις huperēphắnois	ὑπερηφᾰ́νοις huperēphắnois
Accusative	ὑπερήφᾰνον huperḗphănon	ὑπερήφᾰνον huperḗphănon	ὑπερηφᾰ́νω huperēphắnō	ὑπερηφᾰ́νω huperēphắnō	ὑπερηφᾰ́νους huperēphắnous	ὑπερήφᾰνᾰ huperḗphănă
Vocative	ὑπερήφᾰνε huperḗphăne	ὑπερήφᾰνον huperḗphănon	ὑπερηφᾰ́νω huperēphắnō	ὑπερηφᾰ́νω huperēphắnō	ὑπερήφᾰνοι huperḗphănoi	ὑπερήφᾰνᾰ huperḗphănă
Derived forms	Adverb		Comparative		Superlative
Derived forms	ὑπερηφᾰ́νως huperēphắnōs		ὑπερηφᾰνώτερος huperēphănṓteros		ὑπερηφᾰνώτᾰτος huperēphănṓtătos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Second declension of ὑπερᾱ́φᾰνος; ὑπερᾱ́φᾰνον (Aeolic, Doric)

Number	Singular		Dual		Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ὑπερᾱ́φᾰνος huperā́phănos	ὑπερᾱ́φᾰνον huperā́phănon	ὑπερᾱφᾰ́νω huperāphắnō	ὑπερᾱφᾰ́νω huperāphắnō	ὑπερᾱ́φᾰνοι huperā́phănoi	ὑπερᾱ́φᾰνᾰ huperā́phănă
Genitive	ὑπερᾱφάνοιο / ὑπερᾱφανῶ huperāphánoio / huperāphanô	ὑπερᾱφάνοιο / ὑπερᾱφανῶ huperāphánoio / huperāphanô	ὑπερᾱφᾰ́νοιν huperāphắnoin	ὑπερᾱφᾰ́νοιν huperāphắnoin	ὑπερᾱφανῶν huperāphanôn	ὑπερᾱφανῶν huperāphanôn
Dative	ὑπερᾱφᾰ́νῳ huperāphắnōi	ὑπερᾱφᾰ́νῳ huperāphắnōi	ὑπερᾱφᾰ́νοιν huperāphắnoin	ὑπερᾱφᾰ́νοιν huperāphắnoin	ὑπερᾱφᾰ́νοις huperāphắnois	ὑπερᾱφᾰ́νοις huperāphắnois
Accusative	ὑπερᾱ́φᾰνον huperā́phănon	ὑπερᾱ́φᾰνον huperā́phănon	ὑπερᾱφᾰ́νω huperāphắnō	ὑπερᾱφᾰ́νω huperāphắnō	ὑπερᾱφᾰ́νους huperāphắnous	ὑπερᾱ́φᾰνᾰ huperā́phănă
Vocative	ὑπερᾱ́φᾰνε huperā́phăne	ὑπερᾱ́φᾰνον huperā́phănon	ὑπερᾱφᾰ́νω huperāphắnō	ὑπερᾱφᾰ́νω huperāphắnō	ὑπερᾱ́φᾰνοι huperā́phănoi	ὑπερᾱ́φᾰνᾰ huperā́phănă
Derived forms	Adverb		Comparative		Superlative
Derived forms	ὑπερᾱφᾰ́νως huperāphắnōs		ὑπερᾱφᾰνώτερος huperāphănṓteros		ὑπερᾱφᾰνώτᾰτος huperāphănṓtătos
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Related terms

ὑπερηφᾱνίᾰ (huperēphāníă, “arrogance, boastfulness, pride, vainglory”)
ὑπερφαίνομαι (huperphaínomai, “to show oneself over or above; to be superior”)

Descendants

Greek: υπερήφανος (yperífanos, “arrogant, proud”), περήφανος (perífanos)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὑπερήφανος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1533