ῥητίνη

Ancient Greek

Etymology

The suffixes -ῑνος (-īnos) and -ῑνη (-īnē) are found both with inherited and with Pre-Greek substrate words. Since there are no good cognates, however, the word is probably Pre-Greek. The comparison with Latin rasis (“kind of raw pitch pulverized to dust”) is uncertain. Latin rēsīna gives proof of a dialectal Greek by-form *ῥησίνα (*rhēsína); the variation attested by this form shows that this is a Pre-Greek word.^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /r̥ɛː.tǐː.nɛː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /re̝ˈti.ne̝/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /riˈti.ni/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /riˈti.ni/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /riˈti.ni/

Noun

ῥητῑ́νη • (rhētī́nē) f (genitive ῥητῑ́νης); first declension

resin of the pine
- 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, On Joints 63
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 617a.19
- 371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 9.2.1
- 200 BCE – 100 BCE, Nicander, Alexipharmaca 300
- 200 BCE – 100 BCE, Nicander, Alexipharmaca 554
- 40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 1.71

Declension

First declension of ἡ ῥητῑ́νη; τῆς ῥητῑ́νης (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ῥητῑ́νη hē rhētī́nē	τὼ ῥητῑ́νᾱ tṑ rhētī́nā	αἱ ῥητῖναι hai rhētînai
Genitive	τῆς ῥητῑ́νης tês rhētī́nēs	τοῖν ῥητῑ́ναιν toîn rhētī́nain	τῶν ῥητῑνῶν tôn rhētīnôn
Dative	τῇ ῥητῑ́νῃ tēî rhētī́nēi	τοῖν ῥητῑ́ναιν toîn rhētī́nain	ταῖς ῥητῑ́ναις taîs rhētī́nais
Accusative	τὴν ῥητῑ́νην tḕn rhētī́nēn	τὼ ῥητῑ́νᾱ tṑ rhētī́nā	τᾱ̀ς ῥητῑ́νᾱς tā̀s rhētī́nās
Vocative	ῥητῑ́νη rhētī́nē	ῥητῑ́νᾱ rhētī́nā	ῥητῖναι rhētînai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ῥητινίζω (rhētinízō)
ῥητινίτης (rhētinítēs)
ῥητινόκηρον (rhētinókēron)
ῥητινόω (rhētinóō)
ῥητινώδης (rhētinṓdēs)

Descendants

→ Arabic: رَاتِينَج (rātīnaj)
- → Medieval Latin: ratinegi
- → Middle Armenian: ռատինէճ (ṙatinēč)
- → Ottoman Turkish: راتینج (ratinec), راتنج (ratenc)
  - Turkish: ratinec
⇒ English: retinalite, retinasphalt
→ Greek: ρητίνη (ritíni)
→ Latin: rēsīna, rētīna (Medieval Latin)
- → Albanian: rrëshirë
- → Arabic: رَجِينَة (rajīna)
  - → Ottoman Turkish: رچینه (reçine)
    - Turkish: reçine
    - → Greek: ρετσίνι (retsíni)
- Aromanian: arushinã, ritsinã
- Franco-Provençal: rèsina
- Friulian: rèsine
- → Irish: roisín
- Italian: resina
  - → Byzantine Greek: ρετσίνα (retsína)
    - Greek: ρετσίνα (retsína)
      - → Dutch: retsina
      - → English: retsina
      - → German: Retsina
      - → Finnish: retsina
      - → French: retsina
      - → Spanish: retsina
- Old French: reysin
  - French: résine
  - → Middle English: resyn
    - English: resin
- Old Occitan: resina
  - Catalan: resina, reïna
  - Occitan: rosina
- Old Galician-Portuguese: resina
  - Galician: resina, recina
  - Portuguese: resina
- Piedmontese: resna
- Romanian: rășină
- → Russian: рези́на (rezína)
- Sicilian: rìsina
- Old Spanish: resina
  - Spanish: resina

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ῥητίνη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1284