ῥυτή

Ancient Greek

Etymology

The etymology is unexplained. Osthoff connected Latin rūmex (“sorrel”), while Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek origin. According to Watkins, of "Mediterranean substrate origin".^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /r̥yː.tɛ̌ː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ryˈte̝/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ryˈti/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ryˈti/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /riˈti/

Noun

ῥῡτή • (rhūtḗ) f (genitive ῥῡτῆς); first declension

rue (Ruta graveolens)
Synonym: πήγανον (pḗganon)

Inflection

First declension of ἡ ῥῡτή; τῆς ῥῡτῆς (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ῥῡτή hē rhūtḗ	τὼ ῥῡτᾱ́ tṑ rhūtā́	αἱ ῥῡταί hai rhūtaí
Genitive	τῆς ῥῡτῆς tês rhūtês	τοῖν ῥῡταῖν toîn rhūtaîn	τῶν ῥῡτῶν tôn rhūtôn
Dative	τῇ ῥῡτῇ tēî rhūtēî	τοῖν ῥῡταῖν toîn rhūtaîn	ταῖς ῥῡταῖς taîs rhūtaîs
Accusative	τὴν ῥῡτήν tḕn rhūtḗn	τὼ ῥῡτᾱ́ tṑ rhūtā́	τᾱ̀ς ῥῡτᾱ́ς tā̀s rhūtā́s
Vocative	ῥῡτή rhūtḗ	ῥῡτᾱ́ rhūtā́	ῥῡταί rhūtaí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

→ Latin: rūta
- Catalan: ruda
- Dalmatian: roita
- Friulian: rude
- Italian: ruta
- Old French: rue, rude
  - French: rue
  - → Middle Irish: rú
    - Irish: rú
  - → Middle English: rue, ruwe, rwe, rewe, reuwe, rew
    - English: rue
    - Scots: rew
  - → Welsh: ruw
- Portuguese: arruda
- Romanian: rută
- Romansch: ruta
- Sicilian: aruta
- Spanish: ruda
- Translingual: Ruta
- → Ukrainian: ру́та (rúta)
- Venetan: ruda, rua
- → Proto-West Germanic: *rūtā (see there for further descendants)

References

“ῥυτή”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
ῥυτή in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

^ “rue”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.

[1] “rue”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.

[1]