ル

dialect table: path (1960)^[1]
area	pronunciation
Yakumo (八雲)	rú
Oshamambe (長万部)	rú
Horobetsu (幌別)	rú
Hiratori (平取)	rú
Nukkibetsu (貫気別)	rú
Niikappu (新冠)	rú
Samani (様似)	rú
Obihiro (帯広)	rú
Kushiro (釧路)	rú
Bihoro (美幌)	rú
Asahikawa (旭川)	rú
Nayoro (名寄)	rú
Soya (宗谷)	rú
Ochiho (落帆)	ruu
Tarantomari (多蘭泊)	ruu
Maoka (真岡)	ruu
Shiraura (白浦)	ruu
Raichishka (ライチシカ)	ruu
Nairo (内路)	tuu

Synonyms

Ainu dialectal forms of オトㇷ゚ (“hair [of the head]”)
view map; edit data
Group	Region	Location	Words
Hokkaido Ainu	Southern/Central	Abuta	エトㇷ゚ (etop(-i)((C3)))
		Horobetsu	オトㇷ゚ (otóp, -i((H)))
		Muroran	エトㇷ゚ (etop(-i)((C3)))
		Ogifushi	エトㇷ゚ (etop(-i)((C3)))
		Oshamambe	エトㇷ゚ (etop(-i)((C3)))
		Rebun	エトㇷ゚ (etop(-i)((C3)))
		Samani	オトㇷ゚ (otop(-i)((C3)))
		Saru	オトㇷ゚ (otóp, -i((H)))
		Urakawa	エトㇷ゚ (etop(-i)((C3)))
		Usu	エトㇷ゚ (etop(-i)((C3)))
		Yakumo	エトㇷ゚ (etóp, -í), キムユㇱペ (kimúy 'úspe((H)))
	Northern	Asahikawa	オトㇷ゚ (otóp), レタㇻペ (retárpe<<しらが>>((H)))
		Nayoro	オトㇷ゚ (otóp((H)))
		Soya	オトㇷ゚ (otóp, -ihi((H)))
	Eastern	Bihoro	オトㇷ゚ (otop, -i((H)))
		Kushiro	オトㇷ゚ (otop, -i(髪(かみ)、髪の毛)((K2021)))
		Nemuro	オトㇷ゚ (otop(髪毛\|[生え延びて切る物])), シカンカネㇷ゚ (sikankanep?(髪毛巻目\|[曲がって生えている物])), ル (ru(髪\|[毛が長い])((F2016)))
		Obihiro	オトㇷ゚ (otóp, -i((H)))
Sakhalin Ainu	West Coast	Chirai	サパトゥ (sapatu((C3)))
		Raichishka	ルーシㇱ (ruusis, -cihi), サパヌマ (sapanuma, -ha((H)))
		Tarantomari	サパヌマ (sapanuma((C3)))
		Usoro	サパトゥ (sapatu), サパトゥㇷチ (sapatuhci((C3)))
	East Coast	Niitoi	サパル (saparu(-he)((C3)))
		Shirahama	ル (ru(頭髪)((CW)))
		Shiraura	オトㇹ (otoh(p-i)((C3)))
		Taraika	サパヌマ (sapanuma), サパカヌマ (sapakanuma((C3)))
Kuril Ainu	Northern	Shumshu	ルトゥ (rutu(髪)), ッル (tru(髪)((V)))
Kuril Ainu	Southern	South Kuril	ル (ru(頭髪)((BS)))
This table shows various dialectal forms in Ainu languages. The classification into Hokkaido, Sakhalin, and Kuril groups is based on geographical distribution.
((CW)): 知里真志保・和田文治郎（1943）「樺太アイヌ語に於ける人体関係名彙」『樺太庁博物館報告』5(1): 39-80
((C1)): 知里真志保（1953）『分類アイヌ語辞典. 第1巻 (植物篇)』日本常民文化研究所
((C3)): 知里真志保（1954）『分類アイヌ語辞典. 第3巻 (人間篇)』日本常民文化研究所
((HC)): 服部四郎・知里真志保（1960）「アイヌ語諸方言の基礎語彙統計学的研究」『民族學研究』24(4): 307-342，日本文化人類学会
((C2)): 知里真志保（1962）『分類アイヌ語辞典. 第2巻 (動物篇)』日本常民文化研究所
((H)): 服部四郎編（1964）『アイヌ語方言辞典』岩波書店
((V)): Alexander Vovin (1993) A Reconstruction of Proto-Ainu. Leiden: E.J. Brill
((F2016)): 深澤美香（2016）「〈資料紹介〉加賀家文書「［蝦夷語和解］」―蝦夷通辞・加賀伝蔵による『藻汐草』の語釈本―」千葉大学大学院人文社会科学研究科研究プロジェクト報告書 298: 81
((K2021)): 釧路アイヌ語の会編（2021）『釧路地方のアイヌ語語彙集』藤田印刷エクセレントブックス
((BS)): Anna Bugaeva and Tomomi Sato (2021) A Kuril Ainu Glossary by Captain V. M. Golovnin (1811). International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics 3(2): 171-216

References

^ 服部四郎・知里真志保 (Shirō Hattori & Mashiho Chiri) (1960) 『アイヌ語諸方言の基礎語彙統計学的研究』「民族學研究」 (Ainu Go Shohōgen No Kiso Goi Tōkeigaku Teki Kenkyū, “A Lexicostatistic Study on the Ainu Dialects”)‎^[1] (in Japanese), Japan: 日本文化人類学会 (“Japanese Society of Cultural Anthropology”)

単語リスト（アイヌ語・日本語）―石狩川― (Tango List Ainu-go Nihon-go - Ishikari River, “Word List (Ainu / Japanese) - Ishikari River”)‎^[2] (in Japanese), Sapporo, Hokkaidō: 公益財団法人アイヌ文化振興・研究推進機構 (Zaidan Hōjin Ainu Bunka Shinkō / Kenkyū Suishin Kikō, “Foundation for the Advancement, Research, and Promotion of Ainu Culture”), 2014 (Hokkaido)

DYBOWSKI のシュムシュ島アイヌ語資料について（第1部） (DYBOWSKI No Shumushu Tō Ainu Go Shiryō Ni Tsuite (Dai 1 Bu), “On DYBOWSKI's Shumshu Island Ainu Language Materials (Part 1)”)‎^[3] (in Japanese), Fukuoka: 村山七郎 (Murayama Shichirō), 1970 (Kuril)

Anna Bugaeva and Tomomi Satō (2021) A Kuril Ainu Glossary by Captain V. M. Golovnin (1811)‎^[4], Tokyo: International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics (Kuril)

Japanese

Stroke order

Etymology

Simplified in the Heian period from the man'yōgana kanji 流.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɾɯ̟]
Audio: (file)

Syllable

ル • (ru)

The katakana syllable ル (ru). Its equivalent in hiragana is る (ru). It is the forty-first syllable in the gojūon order; its position is ラ行ウ段 (ra-gyō u-dan, “row ra, section u”).

Usage notes

The katakana syllabary is used primarily for transcription of foreign language words into Japanese and the writing of gairaigo (loan words), as well as to represent onomatopoeias, technical and scientific terms, and the names of plants, animals, and minerals. It is also occasionally used in some words for emphasis, or to ease reading; katakana may be preferred for words becoming buried in the text if they are written under their canonical form in hiragana. Names of Japanese companies, as well as certain Japanese language words such as colloquial terms, are also sometimes written in katakana rather than the other systems. Formerly, female first names would often be written in katakana.