パ

See also: ハ, バ, ㇵ, ﾊ, and Appendix:Variations of "pa"

パ U+30D1, パ
KATAKANA LETTER PA
Composition:ハ [U+30CF] + ◌゚ [U+309A]
← バ
[U+30D0] 		Katakana ヒ →
[U+30D2]

Ainu

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

Noun

パ • (pa)

  1. (Hokkaido) year
  2. (Hokkaido) age
dialect table: year (1960)[1]
area pronunciation
Yakumo (八雲) pá
Oshamambe (長万部) pá
Horobetsu (幌別) pá
Hiratori (平取) pá
Nukkibetsu (貫気別) pá
Niikappu (新冠) pá
Samani (様似) pá
Obihiro (帯広) pá
Kushiro (釧路) pá
Bihoro (美幌) pá
Asahikawa (旭川) pá
Nayoro (名寄) pá
Soya (宗谷) pá
Ochiho (落帆) paa
Tarantomari (多蘭泊) paa
Maoka (真岡) paa
Shiraura (白浦) paa
Raichishka (ライチシカ) paa
Nairo (内路) paa
dialect table: age (1964)[2]
area pronunciation
Yakumo (八雲) pá, (-ha)
Horobetsu (幌別) pá
Saru (沙流) pá, (-ha); 'epáha hénpakpa 'án? 《お前の年はいくつか》
Obihiro (帯広) pá, (-ha)
Bihoro (美幌) pa
Asahikawa (旭川) pá, (-ha); 'epáha népka ne wa? ～néypak 'epá 'aná? 《お前の年はいくつか》
Nayoro (名寄) pá
Soya (宗谷) わからない; sinepa poro, tupa poro と数える
Karafuto (樺太) paa; 'epaaha henpahno 'e'anihi? 《お前の年はいくつか》
Chishima (千島)

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

Noun

パ • (pa)

  1. (Hokkaido) steam
dialect table: steam (1964)[3]
area pronunciation
Yakumo (八雲) pá, (-ha)
Horobetsu (幌別) pá, (-ha)
Saru (沙流) pá, (-ha)
Obihiro (帯広) párir
Bihoro (美幌) parir
Asahikawa (旭川) párira; ,, 'át 《…が立つ》
Nayoro (名寄) ('úsey-)par; párir(少し出ている)
Soya (宗谷) pá
Karafuto (樺太) seesehmaw
Chishima (千島)
Synonyms
Ainu dialectal forms of スプヤ (“smoke”)
view map; edit data
GroupRegionLocationWords
Hokkaido AinuSouthern/CentralBiratoriスプヤ (supúya((HC)))
Horobetsuスプヤ (supúya((HC)))
Niikappuスプヤ (supúya((HC)))
Nukkibetsuスプヤ (supúya((HC)))
Oshamambeシプヤ (sipuyá((HC)))
Samaniスプヤ (supúya((HC)))
Saruスプヤ (supúya((H)))
Yakumoシプヤ (sipuyá((HC)))
NorthernAsahikawaスプヤ (supúya((HC))), アペスプヤ (apé supúya((H)))
Nayoroパ (pá((HC)))
Soyaパ (pá,sipúya((HC))), シプヤ (sipúya とも((H)))
EasternBihoroスプヤ (supúya((HC)))
Kushiroスプヤ (supúya((HC))), スピヤ (supiya(煙)((K2021)))
Nemuroシプヤ (sipuya(煙)((F2016)))
Obihiroスプヤ (supúya((HC)))
Sakhalin AinuWest CoastMaokaパー (paa((HC)))
Raichishkaパー (paa((HC)))
Tarantomariパー (paa((HC)))
East CoastNairoパー (paa((HC)))
Ochihoパー (paa((HC)))
Shirauraパー (paa((HC)))
Kuril AinuNorthernShumshuスプヤ (supuya(煙)((V)))
This table shows various dialectal forms in Ainu languages. The classification into Hokkaido, Sakhalin, and Kuril groups is based on geographical distribution.
((CW)): 知里真志保・和田文治郎（1943）「樺太アイヌ語に於ける人体関係名彙」『樺太庁博物館報告』5(1): 39-80
((C1)): 知里真志保（1953）『分類アイヌ語辞典. 第1巻 (植物篇)』日本常民文化研究所
((C3)): 知里真志保（1954）『分類アイヌ語辞典. 第3巻 (人間篇)』日本常民文化研究所
((HC)): 服部四郎・知里真志保（1960）「アイヌ語諸方言の基礎語彙統計学的研究」『民族學研究』24(4): 307-342，日本文化人類学会
((C2)): 知里真志保（1962）『分類アイヌ語辞典. 第2巻 (動物篇)』日本常民文化研究所
((H)): 服部四郎 編（1964）『アイヌ語方言辞典』岩波書店
((V)): Alexander Vovin (1993) A Reconstruction of Proto-Ainu. Leiden: E.J. Brill
((F2016)): 深澤美香（2016）「〈資料紹介〉加賀家文書「［蝦夷語和解］」―蝦夷通辞・加賀伝蔵による『藻汐草』の語釈本―」千葉大学大学院人文社会科学研究科研究プロジェクト報告書 298: 81
((K2021)): 釧路アイヌ語の会 編（2021）『釧路地方のアイヌ語語彙集』藤田印刷エクセレントブックス
((BS)): Anna Bugaeva and Tomomi Sato (2021) A Kuril Ainu Glossary by Captain V. M. Golovnin (1811). International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics 3(2): 171-216

Etymology 3

Noun

パ • (pa)

  1. (Kuril, South Kuril) head
dialect table: head (1960)[4]
area pronunciation
Yakumo (八雲) sapá
Oshamambe (長万部) sapá
Horobetsu (幌別) sapá
Hiratori (平取) sapá
Nukkibetsu (貫気別) sapá
Niikappu (新冠) sapá
Samani (様似) pake
Obihiro (帯広) paké
Kushiro (釧路) paké
Bihoro (美幌) paké
Asahikawa (旭川) páke
Nayoro (名寄) páke
Soya (宗谷) paké
Ochiho (落帆) sapa
Tarantomari (多蘭泊) sapa
Maoka (真岡) sapa
Shiraura (白浦) sapa
Raichishka (ライチシカ) sapa
Nairo (内路) sapa
dialect table: head (1964)[5]
area pronunciation
Yakumo (八雲) sapá, (-há); paké, -hé [敬？]
Horobetsu (幌別) sapá, (-ha); páke, paké, (-he)
Saru (沙流) sapá, (-ha)
Obihiro (帯広) paké, (-he)
Bihoro (美幌) pake
Asahikawa (旭川) páke, ('-he) (N); sápa,('-ha) (H)
Nayoro (名寄) páke; sapá [稀]
Soya (宗谷) sapá, -ha～-kehe; paké
Karafuto (樺太) sapa,-ha; keykitaykehe《頭頂》; 'otusiska,-ha《後頭部》; 'ohpuy《ほんのくぼ》
Chishima (千島) crup[ママ. erupの誤植か？→8](首137.蝦夷語sa'pa)
Synonyms
Ainu dialectal forms of サパ (“head”)
view map; edit data
GroupRegionLocationWords
Honshu MatagiAniバッケ (bakkï《クマの頭》((I)))
Meyaバッケ (bakkï《クマの頭》((I)))
Matagiハゲ (hagï《解体してからのクマの頭》((I))), ハッケ (hakkï《クマの頭》((I))), ハッケイ (hakkïï(頭)((I))), ハッケダ (hakkïda《崖》((I)))
Hokkaido AinuSouthern/CentralBiratoriサパ (sapá((HC)))
Hidakaマラㇷ゚ト (marapto), パケ (pake((C3)))
Horobetsuサパ (sapá((HC))), パケ (páke, paké, (-he)((H))), サパケ (sapake((C3)))
Niikappuサパ (sapá((HC)))
Nukkibetsuサパ (sapá((HC)))
Oshamambeサパ (sapá((HC)))
Samaniパケ (pake((HC)))
Saruサパ (sapá, (-ha)((H))), チェㇷ゚パ (ceppa((C3)))
Yakumoサパ (sapá((HC))), パケ (paké, -hé [敬？]((H)))
NorthernAsahikawaパケ (páke((HC))), サパ (sápa,('-ha) (H)((H)))
Nayoroパケ (páke((HC))), サパ (sapá [稀]((H)))
Soyaパケ (paké((HC))), サパ (sapá, -ha), ケヘ (-kehe)
Teshioケイ (key(-he)((C3)))
EasternBihoroパケ (paké((HC))), マラット (maratto), マラットサパ (marattosapa((C3)))
Fushikoマラット (maratto((C3)))
Harutoriマラット (maratto((C3)))
Kitamiケイ (key(-he)), パケ (pake((C3)))
Kushiroパケ (paké((HC))), ケイ (key(-he)), パ (pa, -ke(頭)((K2021)))
Nemuroパ (pa, -ke(頭|[始めの体])((F2016)))
Obihiroパケ (paké((HC)))
Tokachiケイ (key(-he)), パケ (pake((C3)))
Sakhalin AinuWest CoastMaokaサパ (sapa((HC))), サパキ (sapaki((C3)))
Raichishkaサパ (sapa((HC))), ケイキタイケヘ (keykitaykehe《頭頂》), オトゥシㇱカ ('otusiska,-ha《後頭部》), オㇹプイ ('ohpuy《ほんのくぼ》((H)))
Tarantomariサパ (sapa((HC))), ケオロ (keoro((C3)))
East CoastNairoサパ (sapa((HC)))
Ochihoサパ (sapa((HC)))
Shirahamaサパ (sapa(頭、あたま)((CW)))
Shirauraサパ (sapa((HC)))
Taraikaサパカ (sapaka((C3)))
Kuril AinuNorthernShumshuルㇷ゚ (crup[ママ. erupの誤植か？→8](首137.蝦夷語sa'pa)((H))), パ (pa(頭)((V)))
SouthernSouth Kurilパ (pa(頭)((BS)))
This table shows various dialectal forms in Ainu languages. The classification into Hokkaido, Sakhalin, and Kuril groups is based on geographical distribution.
((CW)): 知里真志保・和田文治郎（1943）「樺太アイヌ語に於ける人体関係名彙」『樺太庁博物館報告』5(1): 39-80
((C1)): 知里真志保（1953）『分類アイヌ語辞典. 第1巻 (植物篇)』日本常民文化研究所
((C3)): 知里真志保（1954）『分類アイヌ語辞典. 第3巻 (人間篇)』日本常民文化研究所
((HC)): 服部四郎・知里真志保（1960）「アイヌ語諸方言の基礎語彙統計学的研究」『民族學研究』24(4): 307-342，日本文化人類学会
((C2)): 知里真志保（1962）『分類アイヌ語辞典. 第2巻 (動物篇)』日本常民文化研究所
((H)): 服部四郎 編（1964）『アイヌ語方言辞典』岩波書店
((V)): Alexander Vovin (1993) A Reconstruction of Proto-Ainu. Leiden: E.J. Brill
((F2016)): 深澤美香（2016）「〈資料紹介〉加賀家文書「［蝦夷語和解］」―蝦夷通辞・加賀伝蔵による『藻汐草』の語釈本―」千葉大学大学院人文社会科学研究科研究プロジェクト報告書 298: 81
((K2021)): 釧路アイヌ語の会 編（2021）『釧路地方のアイヌ語語彙集』藤田印刷エクセレントブックス
((BS)): Anna Bugaeva and Tomomi Sato (2021) A Kuril Ainu Glossary by Captain V. M. Golovnin (1811). International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics 3(2): 171-216

References

  1. ^ 服部四郎・知里真志保 (Shirō Hattori & Mashiho Chiri) (1960) 『アイヌ語諸方言の基礎語彙統計学的研究』「民族學研究」 (Ainu Go Shohōgen No Kiso Goi Tōkeigaku Teki Kenkyū, “A Lexicostatistic Study on the Ainu Dialects”)‎[1] (in Japanese), Japan: 日本文化人類学会 (“Japanese Society of Cultural Anthropology”)
  2. ^ 服部四郎 (Shirō Hattori) (1964) アイヌ語方言辞典 (Ainu Go Hōgen Jiten, “An Ainu Dialect Dictionary”)‎[2] (in Japanese), Japan: 岩波書店 (“Iwanami Shoten”)
  3. ^ 服部四郎 (Shirō Hattori) (1964) アイヌ語方言辞典 (Ainu Go Hōgen Jiten, “An Ainu Dialect Dictionary”)‎[3] (in Japanese), Japan: 岩波書店 (“Iwanami Shoten”)
  4. ^ 服部四郎・知里真志保 (Shirō Hattori & Mashiho Chiri) (1960) 『アイヌ語諸方言の基礎語彙統計学的研究』「民族學研究」 (Ainu Go Shohōgen No Kiso Goi Tōkeigaku Teki Kenkyū, “A Lexicostatistic Study on the Ainu Dialects”)‎[4] (in Japanese), Japan: 日本文化人類学会 (“Japanese Society of Cultural Anthropology”)
  5. ^ 服部四郎 (Shirō Hattori) (1964) アイヌ語方言辞典 (Ainu Go Hōgen Jiten, “An Ainu Dialect Dictionary”)‎[5] (in Japanese), Japan: 岩波書店 (“Iwanami Shoten”)
  • p.636 和愛辞典 草稿版 Sísamitak-Aynuitak-Eonnekunnep Ciietokenuyep (Waai Jiten, “Japanese Ainu Language Dictionary”)‎[6] (in Japanese), Hokkaidō: 太田 満 (Oota Mitsuru, “Oota Mitsuru”), 2022
  • 単語リスト（アイヌ語・日本語）―石狩川― (Tango List Ainu-go Nihon-go - Ishikari River, “Word List (Ainu / Japanese) - Ishikari River”)‎[7] (in Japanese), Sapporo, Hokkaidō: 公益財団法人アイヌ文化振興・研究推進機構 (Zaidan Hōjin Ainu Bunka Shinkō / Kenkyū Suishin Kikō, “Foundation for the Advancement, Research, and Promotion of Ainu Culture”), 2014 (Hokkaido)
  • Anna Bugaeva and Tomomi Satō (2021) A Kuril Ainu Glossary by Captain V. M. Golovnin (1811)‎[8], Tokyo: International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics (Kuril)

Japanese

Stroke order

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [pa̠]

Etymology 1

The katakana character ハ (ha) with a handakuten (ﾟ (ﾟ)).

Syllable

パ • (pa) 

  1. The katakana syllable パ (pa). Its equivalent in hiragana is ぱ (pa).
Usage notes

The katakana syllabary is used primarily for transcription of foreign language words into Japanese and the writing of gairaigo (loan words), as well as to represent onomatopoeias, technical and scientific terms, and the names of plants, animals, and minerals. It is also occasionally used in some words for emphasis, or to ease reading; katakana may be preferred for words becoming buried in the text if they are written under their canonical form in hiragana. Names of Japanese companies, as well as certain Japanese language words such as colloquial terms, are also sometimes written in katakana rather than the other systems. Formerly, female first names would often be written in katakana.

Etymology 2

Initial of パシフィック・リーグ (Pashifikku Rīgu).

Proper noun

パ • (Pa) 

  1. (baseball) Pacific League
Synonyms
  • パシフィック・リーグ
  • パ・リーグ

Etymology 3

Borrowed from French pas.

Pronunciation

Noun

パ • (pa) 

  1. (ballet) pas (step)

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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