下山
Chinese
under; next; lower under; next; lower; below; underneath; down(wards); to go down; latter |
mountain; hill | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (下山) |
下 | 山 | |
| anagram | 山下 | ||
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): haa6 saan1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hâ-sân
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hā-san
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6gho 1se
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: xiàshān
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄕㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: siàshan
- Wade–Giles: hsia4-shan1
- Yale: syà-shān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiahshan
- Palladius: сяшань (sjašanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: haa6 saan1
- Yale: hah sāan
- Cantonese Pinyin: haa6 saan1
- Guangdong Romanization: ha6 san1
- Sinological IPA (key): /haː²² saːn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hâ-sân
- Hakka Romanization System: haˊ sanˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ha1 san1
- Sinological IPA: /ha²⁴⁻¹¹ san²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hā-san
- Tâi-lô: hā-san
- Phofsit Daibuun: haxsafn
- IPA (Xiamen): /ha²²⁻²¹ san⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ha⁴¹⁻²² san³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ha²²⁻²¹ san⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /ha³³⁻¹¹ san⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ha³³⁻²¹ san⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
Verb
下山
Synonyms
- 落山 (luòshān)
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 下 | 山 |
| げ Grade: 1 |
さん > ざん Grade: 1 |
| goon | kan'on |
Pronunciation
Noun
下山 • (gezan)
- descent of a mountain
Verb
下山する • (gezan suru) suru (stem 下山し (gezan shi), past 下山した (gezan shita))
- to descend a mountain
Conjugation
Conjugation of "下山する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 下山し | げざんし | gezan shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 下山し | げざんし | gezan shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 下山する | げざんする | gezan suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 下山する | げざんする | gezan suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 下山すれ | げざんすれ | gezan sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 下山せよ¹ 下山しろ² |
げざんせよ¹ げざんしろ² |
gezan seyo¹ gezan shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 下山される | げざんされる | gezan sareru | |
| Causative | 下山させる 下山さす |
げざんさせる げざんさす |
gezan saseru gezan sasu | |
| Potential | 下山できる | げざんできる | gezan dekiru | |
| Volitional | 下山しよう | げざんしよう | gezan shiyō | |
| Negative | 下山しない | げざんしない | gezan shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 下山せず | げざんせず | gezan sezu | |
| Formal | 下山します | げざんします | gezan shimasu | |
| Perfective | 下山した | げざんした | gezan shita | |
| Conjunctive | 下山して | げざんして | gezan shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 下山すれば | げざんすれば | gezan sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 下 | 山 |
| しも Grade: 1 |
やま Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi | |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɕimo̞ja̠ma̠]
Proper noun
下山 • (Shimoyama)
- a surname