佛朗機

See also: 佛郎機 and 佛朗机

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (佛朗機)		佛	朗	機
simp. (佛朗机)		佛	朗	机
alternative forms		佛郎機／佛郎机

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian (farangī, “European, Westerner”). Cognate of Thai ฝรั่ง (fà-ràng)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Fólǎngjī

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄛˊ ㄌㄤˇ ㄐㄧ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fat⁶ long⁵ gei¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Fólǎngjī
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄛˊ ㄌㄤˇ ㄐㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Fólǎngji
  - Wade–Giles: Fo²-lang³-chi¹
  - Yale: Fwó-lǎng-jī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Forlaangji
  - Palladius: Фоланцзи (Folanczi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu̯ɔ³⁵ lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fat⁶ long⁵ gei¹
  - Yale: faht lóhng gēi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fat⁹ long⁵ gei¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: fed⁶ long⁵ géi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐt̚² lɔːŋ¹³ kei̯⁵⁵/

Noun

佛朗機

(historical, obsolete) generic name for foreigners from Europe in Ming-dynasty China, especially Portuguese and Spanish people
short for 佛朗機炮／佛朗机炮 (fólǎngjīpào, “breech-loading swivel gun”)

Synonyms

(Portuguese): 葡萄牙人 (pútáoyárén); (short form) 葡人 (púrén)
(Spanish): 西班牙人 (Xībānyárén); (Hokkien, historical) 化人 (hòa-lâng)

Descendants

Japanese: フランキ (furanki)
Korean: 불랑기(佛朗機) (bullanggi)