凋落
Chinese
| withered | to fall; to drop (behind); leave behind | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (凋落) | 凋 | 落 | |
| simp. #(凋落) | 凋 | 落 | |
| alternative forms | 雕落 | ||
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: diāoluò
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄠ ㄌㄨㄛˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: diaoluò
- Wade–Giles: tiao1-lo4
- Yale: dyāu-lwò
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diauluoh
- Palladius: дяоло (djaolo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: diu1 lok6
- Yale: dīu lohk
- Cantonese Pinyin: diu1 lok9
- Guangdong Romanization: diu1 log6
- Sinological IPA (key): /tiːu̯⁵⁵ lɔːk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiau-lo̍k
- Tâi-lô: tiau-lo̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: diaulok
- IPA (Xiamen): /tiau⁴⁴⁻²² lɔk̚⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tiau³³ lɔk̚²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiau⁴⁴⁻²² lɔk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
Verb
凋落
Synonyms
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 凋 | 落 |
| ちょう Hyōgai |
らく Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi | |
Noun
凋落 • (chōraku)
Synonyms
Antonyms
- (antonym(s) of “decline”): 繁栄 (han'ei), 繁盛 (hanjō), 隆盛 (ryūsei) : rise
- (antonym(s) of “death from debility”): 発生 (hassei) : birth, rise
Verb
凋落する • (chōraku suru) suru (stem 凋落し (chōraku shi), past 凋落した (chōraku shita))
Conjugation
Conjugation of "凋落する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 凋落し | ちょうらくし | chōraku shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 凋落し | ちょうらくし | chōraku shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 凋落する | ちょうらくする | chōraku suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 凋落する | ちょうらくする | chōraku suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 凋落すれ | ちょうらくすれ | chōraku sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 凋落せよ¹ 凋落しろ² |
ちょうらくせよ¹ ちょうらくしろ² |
chōraku seyo¹ chōraku shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 凋落される | ちょうらくされる | chōraku sareru | |
| Causative | 凋落させる 凋落さす |
ちょうらくさせる ちょうらくさす |
chōraku saseru chōraku sasu | |
| Potential | 凋落できる | ちょうらくできる | chōraku dekiru | |
| Volitional | 凋落しよう | ちょうらくしよう | chōraku shiyō | |
| Negative | 凋落しない | ちょうらくしない | chōraku shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 凋落せず | ちょうらくせず | chōraku sezu | |
| Formal | 凋落します | ちょうらくします | chōraku shimasu | |
| Perfective | 凋落した | ちょうらくした | chōraku shita | |
| Conjunctive | 凋落して | ちょうらくして | chōraku shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 凋落すれば | ちょうらくすれば | chōraku sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||