凝固
Chinese
| congeal; concentrate attention | hard; strong; solid hard; strong; solid; sure | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (凝固) | 凝 | 固 | |
| simp. #(凝固) | 凝 | 固 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: nínggù
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄍㄨˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: nínggù
- Wade–Giles: ning2-ku4
- Yale: níng-gù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ningguh
- Palladius: нингу (ningu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /niŋ³⁵ ku⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: jing4 gu3
- Yale: yìhng gu
- Cantonese Pinyin: jing4 gu3
- Guangdong Romanization: ying4 gu3
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɪŋ²¹ kuː³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gêng-kò͘
- Tâi-lô: gîng-kòo
- Phofsit Daibuun: gengkox
- IPA (Xiamen): /ɡiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiɪŋ¹³⁻²² kɔ²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
Verb
凝固
Antonyms
- (antonym(s) of “freeze”): 熔化 (rónghuà)
Derived terms
Related terms
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 凝 | 固 |
| ぎょう Grade: S |
こ Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi | |
Etymology
From 凝 (gyō, “to congeal, solidify”) + 固 (ko, “solid, firm”).
Pronunciation
Noun
凝固 • (gyōko)
- The act of solidifying or congealing.
- (physics) The process of a liquid turning into a solid.
Derived terms
- 凝固点 (gyōkoten): freezing point
- 凝固熱 (gyōkonetsu): enthalpy of fusion
- 血液凝固 (ketsuekigyōko): blood coagulation
- 熱凝固 (netsugyōko): thermal coagulation
Verb
凝固する • (gyōko suru) transitive or intransitive suru (stem 凝固し (gyōko shi), past 凝固した (gyōko shita))
- (physics) to solidify
Conjugation
Conjugation of "凝固する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 凝固し | ぎょうこし | gyōko shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 凝固し | ぎょうこし | gyōko shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 凝固する | ぎょうこする | gyōko suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 凝固する | ぎょうこする | gyōko suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 凝固すれ | ぎょうこすれ | gyōko sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 凝固せよ¹ 凝固しろ² |
ぎょうこせよ¹ ぎょうこしろ² |
gyōko seyo¹ gyōko shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 凝固される | ぎょうこされる | gyōko sareru | |
| Causative | 凝固させる 凝固さす |
ぎょうこさせる ぎょうこさす |
gyōko saseru gyōko sasu | |
| Potential | 凝固できる | ぎょうこできる | gyōko dekiru | |
| Volitional | 凝固しよう | ぎょうこしよう | gyōko shiyō | |
| Negative | 凝固しない | ぎょうこしない | gyōko shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 凝固せず | ぎょうこせず | gyōko sezu | |
| Formal | 凝固します | ぎょうこします | gyōko shimasu | |
| Perfective | 凝固した | ぎょうこした | gyōko shita | |
| Conjunctive | 凝固して | ぎょうこして | gyōko shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 凝固すれば | ぎょうこすれば | gyōko sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||