南無
Chinese
| phonetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (南無) | 南 | 無 | |
| simp. (南无) | 南 | 无 | |
| alternative forms | |||
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit नमो (namo), the sandhi form of Sanskrit नमस् (namas, literally “a bow”) that appears before words beginning with a voiced consonant, which was presumably common in Buddhist texts.
The modern pronunciations are irregular in order to match the original Sanskrit pronunciation.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): naa1 mou4 / naa1 mo4
- Gan (Wiktionary): la4 mo4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): nà-mò
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): na2 mo2
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lâm-bû / nâ-mô͘
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: nāmó
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄚ ㄇㄛˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: namó
- Wade–Giles: na1-mo2
- Yale: nā-mwó
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nhamo
- Palladius: намо (namo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /nä⁵⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: námó
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄚˊ ㄇㄛˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: námó
- Wade–Giles: na2-mo2
- Yale: ná-mwó
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: namo
- Palladius: намо (namo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /nä³⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: naa1 mou4 / naa1 mo4
- Yale: nā mòuh / nā mòh
- Cantonese Pinyin: naa1 mou4 / naa1 mo4
- Guangdong Romanization: na1 mou4 / na1 mo4
- Sinological IPA (key): /naː⁵⁵ mou̯²¹/, /naː⁵⁵ mɔː²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nà-mò
- Hakka Romanization System: naˇ moˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: na2 mo2
- Sinological IPA: /na¹¹ mo¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Puxian Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâm-bû
- Tâi-lô: lâm-bû
- Phofsit Daibuun: lambuu
- IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /lam²⁴⁻²² bu²⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /lam²⁴⁻¹¹ bu²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /lam¹³⁻²² bu¹³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /lam²³⁻³³ bu²³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nâ-mô͘
- Tâi-lô: nâ-môo
- Phofsit Daibuun: namoo
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /nã²³⁻³³ mɔ̃²³/
- IPA (Taipei): /nã²⁴⁻¹¹ mɔ̃²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Middle Chinese: nom mju
Verb
南無
- (Buddhism) Used in Buddhist salutations or expressions of faith: to salute; to homage or to take refuge (a Buddha or a Bodhisattva).
Derived terms
Descendants
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 南 | 無 |
| な Grade: 2 (ateji) |
む Grade: 4 (ateji) |
| on'yomi | |
Transliteration of Sanskrit नमो (namo), from Sanskrit नमस् (námas, literally “a bow”),[1][2] possibly via Middle Chinese 南無 (MC nom mju).
Compare Mandarin 南無 / 南无 (námó).
Pronunciation
Phrase
南無 • (namu)
- (Buddhism) Used in Buddhist salutations or expressions of faith: to salute; to homage or to take refuge (a Buddha or a Bodhisattva).
Derived terms
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 南 | 無 |
| な Grade: 2 (ateji) |
も Grade: 4 (ateji) |
| on'yomi | tōon |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 南謨 |
Likely a borrowing from Mandarin 南無 / 南无 (námó).
Phrase
南無 • (namo)
- (Buddhism) Used in Buddhist salutations or expressions of faith: to salute; to homage or to take refuge (a Buddha or a Bodhisattva).
See also
- 帰命 (kimyō)
References
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 南 | 無 |
Verb
南無