天地

Chinese

		day; sky; heaven	earth; ground; field earth; ground; field; place; land; (subor. part. adverbial); ‑ly
trad. (天地)		天	地
simp. ^#(天地)		天	地

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tiāndì

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢㄉㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tin¹ dei⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thiên-thi
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): thiⁿ-tōe / thiⁿ-tē / thian-tē / thian-tōe / thiⁿ-tǐ

(Teochew, Peng'im): tin¹ di⁷

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tiāndì
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢㄉㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tiandì
  - Wade–Giles: tʻien¹-ti⁴
  - Yale: tyān-dì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tiandih
  - Palladius: тяньди (tjanʹdi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ti⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: tin¹ dei⁶
  - Yale: tīn deih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tin¹ dei⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: tin¹ déi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiːn⁵⁵ tei̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thiên-thi
  - Hakka Romanization System: tien^ˊ ti
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tian¹ ti⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰi⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiⁿ-tōe
  - Tâi-lô: thinn-tuē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tvi'doe
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ tue³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰĩ³³ tue⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² tue²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiⁿ-tē
  - Tâi-lô: thinn-tē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tvi'de
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ te³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² te²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thian-tē
  - Tâi-lô: thian-tē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tiende
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ te³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² te²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiɛn³³ te⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thian-tōe
  - Tâi-lô: thian-tuē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tiendoe
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tue³³/
- (Hokkien: Longyan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiⁿ-tǐ
  - Tâi-lô: thinn-tǐ
  - IPA (Longyan): /tʰĩ³³⁴ ti⁵³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: tin¹ di⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thiⁿ tī
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰĩ³³⁻²³ ti¹¹/

Middle Chinese: then dijH

Rime
Character	天	地
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	先 (85)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	他前切	徒四切
Baxter	then	dijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰen/	/diɪ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰen/	/di^H/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɛn/	/djɪ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰɛn/	/di^H/
Li Rong	/tʰen/	/di^H/
Wang Li	/tʰien/	/di^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tʰien/	/dʱi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tiān	dì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tin¹	dei⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤi[n]|l̥ˤi[n] [l]ˤej-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*qʰl'iːn l'els/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	天	天	地
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tiān	xiān	dì
Middle Chinese	‹ then ›	‹ xen ›	‹ dij^H ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥ˁi[n]/	/l̥ˁi[n]/ (W dialect: l̥ˁ- > Hàn-time xˁ- > MC x-)	/*[l]ˁej-s/
English	heaven	heaven	earth, ground
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	天	地
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	12387	14808
Phonetic component	天	也
Rime group	眞	歌
Rime subdivision	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	天	地
Old Chinese	/*qʰl'iːn/	/*l'els/

Noun

天地

(literally) sky and ground; heaven and earth
- 天地玄黃，宇宙洪荒。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  天地玄黄，宇宙洪荒。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhou Xingsi, Thousand Character Classic, circa 6^th century CE
  Tiāndì xuánhuáng, yǔzhòu hónghuāng. [Pinyin]
  Heaven and earth is dark and yellow; the universe is vast and chaotic.
(figurative) world; the vast earth; universe
- 天地與我並存，而萬物與我為一。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
  天地与我并存，而万物与我为一。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE
  Tiāndì yǔ wǒ bìngcún, ér wànwù yǔ wǒ wèi yī. [Pinyin]
  The universe and I came into being together; and I, and everything therein, are One.
- 人心生一念，天地盡皆知。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
  人心生一念，天地尽皆知。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
  From: Wu Cheng'en, Journey to the West, 16^th century CE
  Rénxīn shēng yīniàn, tiāndì jìn jiēzhī. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(figurative, literary) two opposing things; contrasting items
(figurative) scope; field; area; realm; sphere; range
(figurative, now dialectal) situation; plight; predicament

Synonyms

(heaven and earth): 乾坤 (qiánkūn)

Derived terms

不共天地
別有天地 / 别有天地 (biéyǒutiāndì)
功均天地
同志天地
壺中天地 / 壶中天地
天地一沙鷗 / 天地一沙鸥
天地一色
天地不容 (tiāndìbùróng)
天地世間 / 天地世间
天地之別 / 天地之别
天地交泰
天地可表
天地君親師 / 天地君亲师 (tiān dì jūn qīn shī)
天地會 / 天地会
天地玄黃 / 天地玄黄
天地萬物 / 天地万物
天地精華 / 天地精华
天地良心
天地蓋載 / 天地盖载
天地轉側 / 天地转侧
天地造化
天地間 / 天地间 (tiāndìjiān)
天地頭 / 天地头
天地鬼神
小天地
感動天地 / 感动天地
拜天地 (bài tiāndì)
新天地 (xīntiāndì)
闖天地 / 闯天地
驚天地，泣鬼神 / 惊天地，泣鬼神 (jīng tiāndì, qì guǐshén)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (天地):

→ Japanese: 天(てん)地(ち) (tenchi)
→ Korean: 천지(天地) (cheonji)
→ Vietnamese: thiên địa (天地)

→ Old Uyghur: 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴 (kök yagïz) (calque)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
天	地
てん Grade: 1	ち Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) てんち [téꜜǹchì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [tẽ̞ɲ̟t͡ɕi]

Noun

天(てん)地(ち) • (tenchi)

heaven and earth; and all things in them.
(by extension) top and bottom
天地無用(てんちむよう) (tenchimuyō)

天地(てんち)ひっくり返(かえ)し
tenchi hikkurikaeshi
(please add an English translation of this example)

Synonyms

宇(う)宙(ちゅう) (uchū): the universe
自(し)然(ぜん) (shizen): nature
世(せ)界(かい) (sekai): the world
万(ばん)象(しょう) (banshō): all things, all of the universe, every manifestation of nature
万(ばん)物(ぶつ) (banbutsu): all things, all of the universe, every manifestation of nature

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
天	地

Noun

天地 • (cheonji) (hangeul 천지)

hanja form^? of 천지 (“heaven and earth”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
天	地

Noun

天地

chữ Hán form of thiên địa (“heaven and earth”)

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]

天地

Chinese

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

Japanese

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

See also

Further reading

References

Korean

Noun

Vietnamese

Noun