奈落
Chinese
| phonetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (奈落) | 奈 | 落 | |
| simp. #(奈落) | 奈 | 落 | |
Etymology
Transliteration of Sanskrit नरक (naraka).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: nàiluò
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄞˋ ㄌㄨㄛˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: nàiluò
- Wade–Giles: nai4-lo4
- Yale: nài-lwò
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nayluoh
- Palladius: найло (najlo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /naɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: naH lak
Noun
奈落
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 奈 | 落 |
| な Grade: 4 |
らく Grade: 3 |
| goon | on'yomi |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 那落 (rare) 捺落 (rare) |
Etymology
From Sanskrit नरक (naraka).[1][2][3][4][5] The spelling may be an orthographic borrowing from Middle Chinese 奈落 (MC naH lak) above.
First cited to a text from 985 CE.[1]
Pronunciation
Noun
奈落 • (naraku)
- [from circa 1060] (Buddhism) hell
- Synonyms: 地獄 (jigoku, “hell; underworld”), 魔界 (makai, “hell”), 黄泉 (yomi, “underworld”)
- [from 985] falling into hell
- [from 1694] the absolute bottom, the last straw, the worst that something can become
- [from 1800] (theater) a theater basement, a trap cellar (under the stage)
- [from ???] (video games, platform games) bottomless pit, void; an invisible place below the playable area that usually kills the game characters falling into it
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ “奈落”, in ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典 (Buritanika Kokusai Dai Hyakka Jiten: Shō Kōmoku Jiten, “Encyclopædia Britannica International: Micropædia”)[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Britannica Japan Co., Ltd., 2014
- ^ “奈落”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984