奉還
Chinese
| to receive (from superior); to offer; to revere | pay back; return; also pay back; return; also; in addition; more; still; else; yet; (not) yet | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (奉還) | 奉 | 還 | |
| simp. (奉还) | 奉 | 还 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: fènghuán
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄥˋ ㄏㄨㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fònghuán
- Wade–Giles: fêng4-huan2
- Yale: fèng-hwán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenqhwan
- Palladius: фэнхуань (fɛnxuanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɤŋ⁵¹ xu̯än³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: fung6 waan4
- Yale: fuhng wàahn
- Cantonese Pinyin: fung6 waan4
- Guangdong Romanization: fung6 wan4
- Sinological IPA (key): /fʊŋ²² waːn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hǒng-hoân
- Tâi-lô: hǒng-huân
- IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ²² huan²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hōng-hoân
- Tâi-lô: hōng-huân
- Phofsit Daibuun: hoxnghoaan
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ³³⁻²¹ huan²³/
- IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ huan²⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ²²⁻²¹ huan²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ²²⁻²¹ huan¹³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Middle Chinese: bjowngX hwaen
Verb
奉還
Descendants
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 奉 | 還 |
| ほう Grade: S |
かん Grade: S |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
奉還 • (hōkan)
Verb
奉還する • (hōkan suru) suru (stem 奉還し (hōkan shi), past 奉還した (hōkan shita))
Conjugation
Conjugation of "奉還する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 奉還し | ほうかんし | hōkan shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 奉還し | ほうかんし | hōkan shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 奉還する | ほうかんする | hōkan suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 奉還する | ほうかんする | hōkan suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 奉還すれ | ほうかんすれ | hōkan sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 奉還せよ¹ 奉還しろ² |
ほうかんせよ¹ ほうかんしろ² |
hōkan seyo¹ hōkan shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 奉還される | ほうかんされる | hōkan sareru | |
| Causative | 奉還させる 奉還さす |
ほうかんさせる ほうかんさす |
hōkan saseru hōkan sasu | |
| Potential | 奉還できる | ほうかんできる | hōkan dekiru | |
| Volitional | 奉還しよう | ほうかんしよう | hōkan shiyō | |
| Negative | 奉還しない | ほうかんしない | hōkan shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 奉還せず | ほうかんせず | hōkan sezu | |
| Formal | 奉還します | ほうかんします | hōkan shimasu | |
| Perfective | 奉還した | ほうかんした | hōkan shita | |
| Conjunctive | 奉還して | ほうかんして | hōkan shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 奉還すれば | ほうかんすれば | hōkan sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN