官僚主義

See also: 官僚主义

Chinese

		bureaucratic; bureaucrat; apparatchik	doctrine; ideology; -ism doctrine; ideology; -ism; position; stance
trad. (官僚主義)		官僚	主義
simp. (官僚主义)		官僚	主义

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): guānliáo zhǔyì

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢㄌㄧㄠˊ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gun¹ liu⁴ zyu² ji⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: guānliáo zhǔyì
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢㄌㄧㄠˊ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: guanliáo jhǔyì
  - Wade–Giles: kuan¹-liao² chu³-i⁴
  - Yale: gwān-lyáu jǔ-yì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guanliau juuyih
  - Palladius: гуаньляо чжуи (guanʹljao čžui)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gun¹ liu⁴ zyu² ji⁶
  - Yale: gūn lìuh jyú yih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gun¹ liu⁴ dzy² ji⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: gun¹ liu⁴ ju² yi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹ t͡syː³⁵ jiː²²/

Noun

官僚主義

bureaucracy; bureaucratism

Japanese

Kanji in this term
官	僚	主	義
かん Grade: 4	りょう Grade: S	しゅ Grade: 3	ぎ Grade: 5
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かんりょーしゅぎ [kàńryóóshúꜜgì] (Nakadaka – [5])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [kã̠n̺ɾʲo̞ːɕɨɡʲi]

Noun

官(かん)僚(りょう)主(しゅ)義(ぎ) • (kanryōshugi) ^{←くわんれうしゆぎ (kwanreusyugi)^?}

bureaucracy

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ “官僚主義”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

Korean

Hanja in this term
官	僚	主	義

Noun

官僚主義 • (gwallyojuui) (hangeul 관료주의)

hanja form^? of 관료주의