官僚
Chinese
| official; government; organ of body | bureaucrat | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (官僚) |
官 | 僚 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: guānliáo
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢ ㄌㄧㄠˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: guanliáo
- Wade–Giles: kuan1-liao2
- Yale: gwān-lyáu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guanliau
- Palladius: гуаньляо (guanʹljao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: gun1 liu4
- Yale: gūn lìuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: gun1 liu4
- Guangdong Romanization: gun1 liu4
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koaⁿ-liâu
- Tâi-lô: kuann-liâu
- Phofsit Daibuun: kvoaliaau
- IPA (Xiamen): /kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kuã³³ liau²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kuã⁴⁴⁻²² liau¹³/
- IPA (Taipei): /kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuã⁴⁴⁻³³ liau²³/
- (Hokkien)
Adjective
官僚
Noun
官僚
Synonyms
- (bureaucrat):
- 內臣 / 内臣 (nèichén) (historical)
- 公僕 / 公仆 (gōngpú)
- 公務員 / 公务员 (gōngwùyuán)
- 公職人員 / 公职人员 (gōngzhí rényuán)
- 君子 (jūnzǐ) (Classical Chinese)
- 官吏 (guānlì) (chiefly historical)
- 官員 / 官员 (guānyuán)
- 官宦 (guānhuàn) (chiefly historical)
- 宦官 (huànguān) (chiefly historical)
- 有司 (yǒusī) (archaic)
- 臣僚 (chénliáo) (historical, in a monarchy)
Derived terms
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 官 | 僚 |
| かん Grade: 4 |
りょう Grade: S |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
官僚 • (kanryō) ←くわんれう (kwanreu)?
See also
- 官界 (kankai)
References
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 官 | 僚 |
Noun
官僚 • (gwallyo) (hangeul 관료)
- hanja form? of 관료 (“bureaucrat”)
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 官 | 僚 |
Noun
官僚
- chữ Hán form of quan liêu (“bureaucracy”)
Adjective
官僚
- chữ Hán form of quan liêu (“bureaucratic”)