宮女

See also: 宫女

Chinese

		palace; uterus	female; woman; daughter
trad. (宮女)		宮	女
simp. (宫女)		宫	女

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gōngnǚ

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥㄋㄩˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gung¹ neoi^5-2
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiûng-ńg
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiong-lú / kiong-lí

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gōngnǚ
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥㄋㄩˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gongnyǔ
  - Wade–Giles: kung¹-nü³
  - Yale: gūng-nyǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongneu
  - Palladius: гуннюй (gunnjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gōngnǚr
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥㄋㄩˇㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gongnyǔr
  - Wade–Giles: kung¹-nü³-ʼrh
  - Yale: gūng-nyǔr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongneuel
  - Palladius: гуннюйр (gunnjujr)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ nyə̯ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gung¹ neoi^5-2
  - Yale: gūng néui
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gung¹ noey^5-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: gung¹ nêu^5-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiûng-ńg
  - Hakka Romanization System: giung^ˊ ng^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: giung¹ ng³
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯uŋ²⁴ ŋ̍³¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong-lú
  - Tâi-lô: kiong-lú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiongluo
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lu⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lu⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong-lí
  - Tâi-lô: kiong-lí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kionglie
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: kjuwng nrjoX

Rime
Character	宮	女
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	娘 (12)
Final (韻)	東 (2)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	居戎切	尼吕切
Baxter	kjuwng	nrjoX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨuŋ/	/ɳɨʌ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kiuŋ/	/ɳiɔ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kiuŋ/	/niɔ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuwŋ/	/ɳɨə̆^X/
Li Rong	/kiuŋ/	/niɔ^X/
Wang Li	/kĭuŋ/	/nĭo^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki̯uŋ/	/ni̯wo^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiōng	nǚ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gung¹	neoi⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)uŋ nraʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kuŋ naʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	宮	女
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gōng	nǚ
Middle Chinese	‹ kjuwng ›	‹ nrjo^X ›
Old Chinese	/*k(r)uŋ/	/*nraʔ/
English	dwelling; palace; note of scale	female
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	宮	女
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	4147	9616
Phonetic component	宮	女
Rime group	終	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	弓
Old Chinese	/*kuŋ/	/*naʔ/

Noun

宮女

(historical) lady-in-waiting within the palace; palace maid

Synonyms

宮人／宫人 (gōngrén)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (宮女):

→ Japanese: 宮女(きゅうじょ) (kyūjo)
→ Korean: 궁녀(宮女) (gungnyeo)
→ Vietnamese: cung nữ (宮女)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
宮	女
みや Grade: 3	おみな Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Noun

宮(みや)女(おみな) or 宮女(みやおんな) • (miyaomina or miyaonna) ^{←みやをみな (myawomina)^?}

(archaic) a woman attendant in the imperial court
Synonyms: 宮女 (kyūjo), 女官 (nyokan)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
宮	女
きゅう Grade: 3	じょ Grade: 1
kan'on

Noun

宮(きゅう)女(じょ) • (kyūjo)

a woman attendant in the imperial court; lady-in-waiting

References

Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN