小刀
Chinese
small; tiny; few small; tiny; few; young |
knife | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (小刀) |
小 | 刀 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎodāo
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄉㄠ
- Tongyong Pinyin: siǎodao
- Wade–Giles: hsiao3-tao1
- Yale: syǎu-dāu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheaudau
- Palladius: сяодао (sjaodao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎodāor
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄉㄠㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: siǎodaor
- Wade–Giles: hsiao3-tao1-ʼrh
- Yale: syǎu-dāur
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheaudaul
- Palladius: сяодаор (sjaodaor)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ taʊ̯ɻʷ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: siu2 dou1
- Yale: síu dōu
- Cantonese Pinyin: siu2 dou1
- Guangdong Romanization: xiu2 dou1
- Sinological IPA (key): /siːu̯³⁵ tou̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sió-to
- Tâi-lô: sió-to
- Phofsit Daibuun: sioy'doy
- IPA (Xiamen): /sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ to³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɤ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien)
Noun
小刀
Synonyms
- (pocketknife):
Dialectal synonyms of 小刀 (“pocketknife; penknife”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 小刀, 刀子 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 刀子, 小刀兒 |
| Taiwan | 小刀 | |
| Harbin | 刀子 | |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 刀子, 小刀兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 刀子 |
| Xi'an | 小刀兒, 刀刀兒, 刀刀子, 刀子 | |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 刀刀子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 刀刀兒, 刀兒 |
| Wuhan | 刀子, 刀 | |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 刀子, 小刀 |
| Hefei | 小刀子, 小刀 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 刀仔 |
| Hong Kong | 刀仔 | |
| Taishan | 刀仔 | |
| Dongguan | 刀仔 | |
| Yangjiang | 刀仔 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 刀子 |
| Lichuan | 刀崽 | |
| Pingxiang | 小刀仔 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 刀仔 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 刀刀, 刀子, 小刀兒 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 刀仔 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 刀囝 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 刀仔, 刀仔囝 |
| Quanzhou | 刀仔 | |
| Zhangzhou | 刀仔囝 | |
| Tainan | 刀仔 GT | |
| Chaozhou | 刀囝 | |
| Leizhou | 刀囝 | |
| Haikou | 刀囝 | |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 刀崽 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 小刀 |
| Hangzhou | 刀兒 | |
| Wenzhou | 刀兒 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 細刀子, 刀子 |
| Shuangfeng | 細刀子 | |
| Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) | |
Derived terms
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 小 | 刀 |
| しょう Grade: 1 |
とう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi | |
From Middle Chinese compound 小刀 (sjewX taw, literally “small + blade”). Compare modern Mandarin reading xiǎodāo, Cantonese siu2 dou1, Min Nan sió-to.
Pronunciation
Noun
- small knife, short sword
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 小 | 刀 |
| こ Grade: 1 |
かたな > がたな Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi | |
Compound of 小 (ko, “small, little”) + 刀 (katana, “sword, blade”).[3][1][2] The katana changes to gatana as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) こがたな [kògátáꜜnà] (Nakadaka – [3])[1][2]
- (Tokyo) こがたな [kògáꜜtànà] (Nakadaka – [2])[1][2]
- IPA(key): [ko̞ɡa̠ta̠na̠]
Noun
小刀 • (kogatana)
- small knife, short sword
Usage notes
- The kogatana reading is more common than shōtō.
Derived terms
- 小刀細工 (kogatana-zaiku): carving with a knife
See also
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 小 | 刀 |
| ちい(さ) Grade: 1 |
かたな > がたな Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi | |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 小さ刀 |
Compound of 小さ (chīsa, “small”, the stem of adjective 小さい chīsai) + 刀 (katana, “sword, blade”). The katana changes to gatana as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Pronunciation
Noun
小刀 • (chīsagatana)
- a specific kind of short sword without a hilt guard
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN