居士

Chinese

		reside	scholar; warrior; knight
simp. and trad. (居士)		居	士

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jūshì

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄩㄕˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): geoi¹ si⁶
Gan (Wiktionary): 'jy¹ si⁵
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gy¹ so⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ku-sū / ki-sū

(Teochew, Peng'im): ge¹ se⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jūshì
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄕˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jyushìh
  - Wade–Giles: chü¹-shih⁴
  - Yale: jyū-shr̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiushyh
  - Palladius: цзюйши (czjujši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    居士
    居室
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: geoi¹ si⁶
  - Yale: gēui sih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: goey¹ si⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: gêu¹ xi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɵy̯⁵⁵ siː²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: 'jy¹ si⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˈt͡ɕy⁴² sz̩¹¹/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gy¹ so⁵ [Phonetic: gy² so⁵]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gṳ-seō
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ky⁵³³⁻¹³ ɬo¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gy¹ so⁵ [Phonetic: gy² so⁵]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ky⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ɬo²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ku-sū
  - Tâi-lô: ku-sū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kusu
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ku⁴⁴⁻²² su²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ku⁴⁴⁻³³ su³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki-sū
  - Tâi-lô: ki-sū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kisu
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki⁴⁴⁻³³ su³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ge¹ se⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kṳ sṳ̆
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɯ³³⁻²³ sɯ³⁵/

Middle Chinese: kjo dzriX

Rime
Character	居	士
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	崇 (20)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	九魚切	鉏里切
Baxter	kjo	dzriX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨʌ/	/d͡ʒɨ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kiɔ/	/ɖ͡ʐɨ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kiɔ/	/d͡ʒie^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨə̆/	/ɖ͡ʐɨ^X/
Li Rong	/kiɔ/	/d͡ʒiə^X/
Wang Li	/kĭo/	/d͡ʒĭə^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki̯wo/	/ɖ͡ʐʱi^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jū	zhì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	geoi¹	zi⁶

Noun

居士

(Buddhism) householder (lay devotee)
(Buddhism, Hinduism, uncommon) Vaishya (one of the four castes of the varna system)
Synonym: 吠舍 (fèishè)
- 摩納白佛言：「世有四姓——剎利、婆羅門、居士、首陀羅；其彼三姓，常尊重、恭敬、供養婆羅門。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  摩纳白佛言：「世有四姓——刹利、婆罗门、居士、首陀罗；其彼三姓，常尊重、恭敬、供养婆罗门。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: c. 413. Buddhayaśas (佛陀耶舍) and Zhu Fonian (竺佛念), trans. The Dīrghāgama 《長阿含經》 DA 20. English text based on the translation by Bhikkhu Sujato of the parallel text DN 3 in the Pali Tipiṭaka
  Mónà bái Fó yán: “Shì yǒu sì xìng — chàlì, póluómén, jūshì, shǒutuóluó; qí bǐ sān xìng, cháng zūnzhòng, gōngjìng, gōngyǎng póluómén.” [Pinyin]
  "Master Gotama, there are these four castes: aristocrats, brahmins, merchants, and workers. Three of these castes — aristocrats, merchants, and workers — in fact succeed only in serving the brahmins," (said the youth)
retired scholar