強化
See also: 强化
Chinese
strength; force; power strength; force; power; powerful; better |
to make into; to change into; ‑ization to make into; to change into; ‑ization; to ... ‑ize; to transform | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (強化) | 強 | 化 | |
| simp. (强化) | 强 | 化 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): koeng4 faa3
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: qiánghuà
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄤˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ciánghuà
- Wade–Giles: chʻiang2-hua4
- Yale: chyáng-hwà
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyanghuah
- Palladius: цянхуа (cjanxua)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: koeng4 faa3
- Yale: kèuhng fa
- Cantonese Pinyin: koeng4 faa3
- Guangdong Romanization: kêng4 fa3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰœːŋ²¹ faː³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiông-hòa
- Tâi-lô: kiông-huà
- Phofsit Daibuun: kionghoax
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hua⁴¹/
- IPA (Xiamen): /kiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hua²¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ²³⁻³³ hua²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /kiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hua¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiâng-hòa
- Tâi-lô: kiâng-huà
- Phofsit Daibuun: kianghoax
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiaŋ¹³⁻²² hua²¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: kiang5 huê3
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiâng huè
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hue²¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
Verb
強化
- to strengthen; to fortify
- (wine) to fortify (to add spirits to wine to increase the alcohol content)
- (food) to fortify (to increase the nutritional value of food by adding ingredients)
Synonyms
- (to strengthen):
Derived terms
- 強化食品 / 强化食品
Descendants
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 強 | 化 |
| きょう Grade: 2 |
か Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi | |
Etymology
From 強 (kyō, “strengthen”) + 化 (ka, “cause to become”).
Pronunciation
Noun
強化 • (kyōka)
Antonyms
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 強化合宿 (kyōka gasshuku): training camp
- 強化米 (kyōkamai): fortified rice
- 強化食品 (kyōka shokuhin): fortified foods
- 機能強化 (kinō kyōka): (computing) functional enhancement
- 警備強化 (keibi kyōka): increased or beefed up security
- 関係強化 (kankei kyōka): strengthening of relations
Verb
強化する • (kyōka suru) suru (stem 強化し (kyōka shi), past 強化した (kyōka shita))
- to strengthen
Conjugation
Conjugation of "強化する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 強化し | きょうかし | kyōka shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 強化し | きょうかし | kyōka shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 強化する | きょうかする | kyōka suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 強化する | きょうかする | kyōka suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 強化すれ | きょうかすれ | kyōka sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 強化せよ¹ 強化しろ² |
きょうかせよ¹ きょうかしろ² |
kyōka seyo¹ kyōka shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 強化される | きょうかされる | kyōka sareru | |
| Causative | 強化させる 強化さす |
きょうかさせる きょうかさす |
kyōka saseru kyōka sasu | |
| Potential | 強化できる | きょうかできる | kyōka dekiru | |
| Volitional | 強化しよう | きょうかしよう | kyōka shiyō | |
| Negative | 強化しない | きょうかしない | kyōka shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 強化せず | きょうかせず | kyōka sezu | |
| Formal | 強化します | きょうかします | kyōka shimasu | |
| Perfective | 強化した | きょうかした | kyōka shita | |
| Conjunctive | 強化して | きょうかして | kyōka shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 強化すれば | きょうかすれば | kyōka sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||