恍

恍	U+604D, 恍 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-604D

← 恌
[U+604C]

CJK Unified Ideographs

恎 →
[U+604E]

Translingual

Han character

恍 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 心火一山 (PFMU), four-corner 9901₁, composition ⿰忄光)

Derived characters

𦞔

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 384, character 3
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10546
Dae Jaweon: page 714, character 21
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2295, character 4
Unihan data for U+604D

Chinese

simp. and trad.		恍
alternative forms		怳芒

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (光) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
光	kʷaːŋ, kʷaːŋs
灮	*kʷaːŋ
洸	kʷaːŋ, qʷaːŋ
桄	kʷaːŋ, kʷaːŋs
胱	*kʷaːŋ
垙	*kʷaːŋ
輄	*kʷaːŋ
恍	kʷaːŋ, qʰʷaːŋʔ
茪	*kʷaːŋ
侊	kʷaːŋ, kʷraːŋ
晃	*ɡʷaːŋʔ
幌	*ɡʷaːŋʔ
榥	*ɡʷaːŋʔ
滉	*ɡʷaːŋʔ
觥	*kʷraːŋ
駫	*kʷeːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʷaːŋ, *qʰʷaːŋʔ): semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 光 (OC *kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs). This character replaced 怳 (OC *hmaŋʔ)'s usage in the late Middle Chinese.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): huǎng (huang³)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄤˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fong²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fóng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): horng³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hóng / hóaⁿ
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵huaon

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: huǎng
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄤˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: huǎng
  - Wade–Giles: huang³
  - Yale: hwǎng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hoang
  - Palladius: хуан (xuan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ɑŋ²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: fong²
  - Yale: fóng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fong²
  - Guangdong Romanization: fong²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɔːŋ³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fóng
  - Hakka Romanization System: fong^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fong³
  - Sinological IPA: /foŋ³¹/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: horng³
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hô̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɒŋ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: horng³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɒŋ³³²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hóng
  - Tâi-lô: hóng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: horng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /hɔŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hóaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: huánn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hvoar
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /huã⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /huã⁵³/

Note:

hóng - literary;
hóaⁿ - vernacular.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵huaon
  - MiniDict: huaon^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²huaan
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /huɑ̃³⁴/

Middle Chinese: kwang

Rime
Character	恍
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	唐 (102)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古黃切
Baxter	kwang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kwɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwaŋ/
Li Rong	/kuɑŋ/
Wang Li	/kuɑŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kwɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwong¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kʷaːŋ/, /*qʰʷaːŋʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	恍	恍
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	4513	4518
Phonetic component	光	光
Rime group	陽	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*kʷaːŋ/	/*qʰʷaːŋʔ/
Notes		怳俗訛體

Definitions

恍

seemingly, as if (often used with 如 (rú), 若 (ruò))
恍如夢境／恍如梦境 ― huǎngrú mèngjìng ― as if in a dream
absent-minded
恍狂 ― huǎngkuáng ― delirious
used in 恍惚 (huǎnghū) and 惚恍 (hūhuǎng)

Compounds

心神恍惚 (xīnshénhuǎnghū)
心緒恍惚 / 心绪恍惚
忽恍 (hūhuǎng)
恍如 (huǎngrú)
恍如隔世 (huǎngrúgéshì)
恍忽 (huǎnghū)
恍怳
恍恍
恍恍忽忽
恍惘
恍惚 (huǎnghū)
恍然 (huǎngrán)
恍然大悟 (huǎngrándàwù)
恍若 (huǎngruò)
恍若隔世
惚恍 (hūhuǎng)
惝恍
愴恍 / 怆恍
朦朧恍惚 / 朦胧恍惚
神思恍惚
神情恍惚
精神恍惚
迷離倘恍 / 迷离倘恍

References

莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “恍”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 94.

Japanese

Kanji

恍

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

Go-on: こう (kō)^{←くわう (kwau, historical)}
Kan-on: こう (kō)^{←くわう (kwau, historical)}
Kun: ほのか (honoka, 恍か)、とぼける (tobokeru, 恍ける)、ほれる (horeru, 恍れる)、うっとりする (uttorisuru)、くらい (kurai)

Korean

Hanja

恍 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang)

Vietnamese

Han character

恍: Hán Nôm readings: hoảng, đoảng

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