悲嘆
See also: 悲叹
Chinese
sad; sadness; sorrow sad; sadness; sorrow; grief |
to sigh | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (悲嘆/悲歎) | 悲 | 嘆/歎 | |
| simp. (悲叹) | 悲 | 叹 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): bei1 taan3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pî-than
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pi-thàn
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: bēitàn
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄟ ㄊㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: beitàn
- Wade–Giles: pei1-tʻan4
- Yale: bēi-tàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: beitann
- Palladius: бэйтань (bɛjtanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /peɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰän⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: bei1 taan3
- Yale: bēi taan
- Cantonese Pinyin: bei1 taan3
- Guangdong Romanization: béi1 tan3
- Sinological IPA (key): /pei̯⁵⁵ tʰaːn³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pî-than
- Hakka Romanization System: biˊ tan
- Hagfa Pinyim: bi1 tan4
- Sinological IPA: /pi²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰan⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pi-thàn
- Tâi-lô: pi-thàn
- Phofsit Daibuun: pi'taxn
- IPA (Xiamen): /pi⁴⁴⁻²² tʰan²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /pi³³ tʰan⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /pi⁴⁴⁻²² tʰan²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /pi⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰan¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /pi⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰan²¹/
- (Hokkien)
Verb
悲嘆
- to bewail; to lament; to sigh mournfully
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 悲 | 嘆 |
| ひ Grade: 3 |
たん Grade: S |
| on'yomi | |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| (kyūjitai) 悲歎 |
Pronunciation
Noun
悲嘆 • (hitan)
Verb
悲嘆する • (hitan suru) suru (stem 悲嘆し (hitan shi), past 悲嘆した (hitan shita))
Conjugation
Conjugation of "悲嘆する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 悲嘆し | ひたんし | hitan shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 悲嘆し | ひたんし | hitan shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 悲嘆する | ひたんする | hitan suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 悲嘆する | ひたんする | hitan suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 悲嘆すれ | ひたんすれ | hitan sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 悲嘆せよ¹ 悲嘆しろ² |
ひたんせよ¹ ひたんしろ² |
hitan seyo¹ hitan shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 悲嘆される | ひたんされる | hitan sareru | |
| Causative | 悲嘆させる 悲嘆さす |
ひたんさせる ひたんさす |
hitan saseru hitan sasu | |
| Potential | 悲嘆できる | ひたんできる | hitan dekiru | |
| Volitional | 悲嘆しよう | ひたんしよう | hitan shiyō | |
| Negative | 悲嘆しない | ひたんしない | hitan shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 悲嘆せず | ひたんせず | hitan sezu | |
| Formal | 悲嘆します | ひたんします | hitan shimasu | |
| Perfective | 悲嘆した | ひたんした | hitan shita | |
| Conjunctive | 悲嘆して | ひたんして | hitan shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 悲嘆すれば | ひたんすれば | hitan sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN