愛でる
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 愛 |
| め Grade: 4 |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 賞でる (rare) |
Etymology
⟨me2du⟩ → */məɨdu/ → /med͡zu/ → /mederu/
From Old Japanese verb 愛づ (medu).[1][2]
Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.
Pronunciation
Verb
愛でる • (mederu) transitive ichidan (stem 愛で (mede), past 愛でた (medeta))
- to love
- to adore
- Synonyms: 愛おしむ (itooshimu), 可愛がる (kawaigaru)
- to admire, to appreciate
Conjugation
Conjugation of "愛でる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 愛で | めで | mede | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 愛で | めで | mede | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 愛でる | めでる | mederu | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 愛でる | めでる | mederu | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 愛でれ | めでれ | medere | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 愛でよ¹ 愛でろ² |
めでよ¹ めでろ² |
medeyo¹ medero² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 愛でられる | めでられる | mederareru | |
| Causative | 愛でさせる 愛でさす |
めでさせる めでさす |
medesaseru medesasu | |
| Potential | 愛でられる 愛でれる³ |
めでられる めでれる³ |
mederareru medereru³ | |
| Volitional | 愛でよう | めでよう | medeyō | |
| Negative | 愛でない 愛でぬ 愛でん |
めでない めでぬ めでん |
medenai medenu meden | |
| Negative continuative | 愛でず | めでず | medezu | |
| Formal | 愛でます | めでます | medemasu | |
| Perfective | 愛でた | めでた | medeta | |
| Conjunctive | 愛でて | めでて | medete | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 愛でれば | めでれば | medereba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
Derived terms
- 愛で (mede)
- 愛で慈しむ (medeitsukushimu)
- 愛でたい, 目出度い, 芽出度い (medetai, “happy, worthy of congratulations”)
- おめでとう (omedetō, “congratulations”)
- 珍しい (mezurashī, “rare”)
References
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN