懈

懈	U+61C8, 懈 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61C8

← 懇
[U+61C7]

CJK Unified Ideographs

應 →
[U+61C9]

Translingual

Han character

懈 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 心弓月手 (PNBQ), four-corner 9705₂, composition ⿰忄解)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 405, character 19
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11328
Dae Jaweon: page 745, character 30
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2362, character 7
Unihan data for U+61C8

Chinese

trad.		懈
simp. ^#		懈
alternative forms		解𠢲𢢣

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (解) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
薢	kreː, kreːʔ, *kreːs
解	kreːʔ, kreːs, ɡreːʔ, ɡreːs
檞	*kreːʔ
懈	*kreːs
繲	*kreːs
廨	*kreːs
蟹	*ɡreːʔ
獬	*ɡreːʔ
澥	*ɡreːʔ
嶰	*ɡreːʔ
邂	*ɡreːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kreːs): semantic 忄 + phonetic 解 (OC *kreːʔ, *kreːs, *ɡreːʔ, *ɡreːs).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiè (xie⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄝˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): haai⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hai
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hāi

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiè
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siè
  - Wade–Giles: hsieh⁴
  - Yale: syè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shieh
  - Palladius: се (se)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: haai⁶
  - Yale: haaih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: haai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: hai⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːi̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hai
  - Hakka Romanization System: hai
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hai⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /hai̯⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hāi
  - Tâi-lô: hāi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hai
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hai³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hai⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hai²²/

Middle Chinese: keaH

Rime
Character	懈
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	佳 (31)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古隘切
Baxter	keaH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠɛ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚæ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kæi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨj^H/
Li Rong	/kɛ^H/
Wang Li	/kai^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kai^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jià
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaai³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kreːs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	懈
Reading #	1/1
No.	6477
Phonetic component	解
Rime group	支
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*kreːs/

Definitions

懈

(literary, or in compounds) lazy; slack; idle

Compounds

不懈 (bùxiè)
匪懈
合作無懈 / 合作无懈
堅持不懈 / 坚持不懈 (jiānchíbùxiè)
夙夜不懈
夙夜匪懈 (sùyèfěixiè)
奮鬥不懈 / 奋斗不懈
少懈
常備不懈 / 常备不懈
懈弛
懈怠 (xièdài)
懈意
懈慢
懈話 / 懈话
懈鬆 / 懈松
無懈可擊 / 无懈可击 (wúxièkějī)
鬆懈 / 松懈 (sōngxiè)

References

Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01451
“懈”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

懈

(Hyōgai kanji)

laziness

Readings

Go-on: け (ke)
Kan-on: かい (kai)
Kan’yō-on: げ (ge)
Kun: おこたる (okotaru, 懈る)、なまける (namakeru, 懈ける)、だるい (darui, 懈い)

Compounds

懈(かい)怠(たい) (kaitai), 懈(け)怠(たい) (ketai), 懈(け)怠(だい) (kedai), 懈(かい)惰(だ) (kaida): laziness, (law) laches

Korean

Hanja

懈 (eum 해 (hae))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

懈: Hán Nôm readings: giải

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation