隘

隘	U+9698, 隘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9698

← 隗
[U+9697]

CJK Unified Ideographs

隙 →
[U+9699]

Translingual

Alternative forms

The traditional form found in the Kangxi dictionary with a 八 component instead of a 丷 is preserved in Japanese kanji and Korean hanja.

Han character

隘 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 弓中廿金廿 (NLTCT), four-corner 7821₇, composition ⿰阝益)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1358, character 24
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41791
Dae Jaweon: page 1862, character 25
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4152, character 15
Unihan data for U+9698

Chinese

simp. and trad.		隘
alternative forms		𨽴塧阨阸

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (益) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
隘	*qreːɡs
賹	*qreːɡs
搤	qreːɡs, qreːɡ
縊	qleːɡs, qleɡs
螠	*qleɡs
謚	ɢliɡs, qleɡ
諡	*ɢliɡs
蠲	*kʷliːŋ
溢	*liɡ
鎰	*liɡ
齸	lig, qleg
貖	*qreːɡ
益	*qleɡ
嗌	*qleɡ
膉	*qleɡ
鷁	*ŋɡleːɡ
艗	*ŋɡleːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qreːɡs): semantic 阝 + phonetic 益 (OC *qleɡ).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): ài (ai⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): aai³ / ai³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ai
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ài

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: ài
  - Zhuyin: ㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ài
  - Wade–Giles: ai⁴
  - Yale: ài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ay
  - Palladius: ай (aj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: aai³ / ai³
  - Yale: aai / ai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: aai³ / ai³
  - Guangdong Romanization: ai³ / ei³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /aːi̯³³/, /ɐi̯³³/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ai
  - Hakka Romanization System: ai
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ai⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ai̯⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ài
  - Tâi-lô: ài
  - Phofsit Daibuun: aix
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ai²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ai⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ai²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ai¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ai²¹/

Middle Chinese: 'eaH

Rime
Character	隘
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	佳 (31)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	烏懈切
Baxter	'eaH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠɛ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚæ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔæi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔaɨj^H/
Li Rong	/ʔɛ^H/
Wang Li	/ai^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔai^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yà
Expected Cantonese Reflex	aai³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qˤ<r>[i]k-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*qreːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	隘
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	ài
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔɛ^H ›
Old Chinese	/*qˁ<r>[i]k-s/
English	a narrow pass
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	隘
Reading #	1/1
No.	15067
Phonetic component	益
Rime group	賜
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*qreːɡs/

Definitions

隘

narrow; confined
隘路 ― àilù ― narrow passage
strategic pass that is dangerous or difficult to access

Compounds

困隘
山隘 (shān'ài)
湫隘
狹隘 / 狭隘 (xiá'ài)
褊隘
要隘 (yào'ài)
迫隘
邊隘 / 边隘
關隘 / 关隘 (guān'ài)
阻隘
隘口 (àikǒu)
隘害
隘巷 (àixiàng)
隘懾 / 隘慑
隘窘
隘路 (àilù)
隘險 / 隘险
險隘 / 险隘

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (隘):

→ Vietnamese: ải (隘)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): è (e⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄜˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ak¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: è
  - Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: è
  - Wade–Giles: o⁴
  - Yale: è
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
  - Palladius: э (e)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ak¹
  - Yale: āk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ak⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: eg¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɐk̚⁵/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qˤ<r>[i]k/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	隘
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	è
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔɛk ›
Old Chinese	/*qˁ<r>[i]k/
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

隘

to isolate
to block; to defend

References

Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04499
“隘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

隘

(Hyōgai kanji)

narrow

Readings

Go-on: え (e)、やく (yaku)
Kan-on: あい (ai)、あく (aku)
Kun: せまい (semai, 隘い)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
隘
あい Hyōgai
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 隘 (MC 'eaH).

Affix

隘(あい) • (ai)

narrow; confined
隘(あい)路(ろ) ― airo ― bottleneck

狭(きょう)隘(あい) ― kyōai ― narrow

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 隘 (MC 'eaH). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄋᆡᆨ (oyk) (Yale: oyk) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɛ] ~ [e̞]
Phonetic hangul: [애/에]

Hanja

Wikisource

隘 (eumhun 좁을 애 (jobeul ae))

hanja form^? of 애 (“narrow”)

Compounds

애로 (隘路, aero)
협애 (狹隘, hyeobae)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Tày

Noun

隘 (ái)

Nôm form of ái (“strategic pass”).
书𫢍發每隘
Slư cần phát mọi ái
Their letter has reached far and wide

References

Dương Nhật Thanh, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎^[3] (in Tày and Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học xã hội [Social Sciences Publishing House]

Vietnamese

Han character

隘: Hán Nôm readings: ải, ỏi

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation